Niewiadomski Paweł, Ortega-Ortega Marta, Łyszczarz Błażej
Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Department of Applied Economics, Public Economics and Political Economy, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2025 Mar;23(2):231-251. doi: 10.1007/s40258-024-00935-8. Epub 2025 Jan 20.
To systematically review the evidence on productivity losses due to health problems arising from the COVID-19 pandemic based on evidence from population-level studies.
Following PRISMA statement, we conducted a systematic review using Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, EconLit, WHO COVID-19 Research and EuropePMC databases and a grey literature search. We included population-level studies using secondary data and qualitatively assessed eligible studies. For a quantitative cross-study comparison, we calculated losses in 2020 international dollars and as a share of gross domestic product. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023478059.
Thirty-eight studies were eligible for review, most of which reported losses in high-income countries and the European region. COVID-19 was a focus of 33 studies while 3 studies investigated losses from both long COVID and excess mortality. The Human Capital Approach dominated (30 studies) and no study used the Friction Cost Approach. Most studies (84%) reported on premature mortality losses and a quarter provided estimates of losses due to absenteeism. Of the 33 studies eligible for quantitative comparison, we found that the productivity losses ranged from 0 to 2.1% of gross domestic product; the greatest losses were in the high-income countries and for those aged 40-59 years; and losses among men contributed to around 3/4 of the total burden.
The available evidence on the topic is limited, particularly considering the methodological approaches used. Thus, more research is needed to reach a more comprehensive understanding of economy-level productivity losses resulting from the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
基于人群水平研究的证据，系统评价2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行引发的健康问题导致的生产力损失证据。
遵循系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）声明，我们使用医学文献数据库（Medline）、荷兰医学文摘数据库（Embase）、Scopus数据库、科学引文索引（Web of Science）、经济文献数据库（EconLit）、世界卫生组织COVID-19研究数据库和欧洲分子生物学实验室核心（EuropePMC）数据库进行了系统评价，并进行了灰色文献检索。我们纳入了使用二手数据的人群水平研究，并对符合条件的研究进行了定性评估。为了进行定量的跨研究比较，我们计算了以2020年国际美元计的损失以及占国内生产总值的比例。国际前瞻性系统评价注册库（PROSPERO）注册号：CRD42023478059。
38项研究符合综述条件，其中大多数报告了高收入国家和欧洲地区的损失。33项研究聚焦于COVID-19，3项研究调查了长期新冠和超额死亡率造成的损失。人力资本法占主导地位（30项研究），没有研究使用摩擦成本法。大多数研究（84%）报告了过早死亡损失，四分之一的研究提供了旷工造成的损失估计。在33项符合定量比较条件的研究中，我们发现生产力损失占国内生产总值的比例为0至2.1%；最大损失发生在高收入国家以及40至59岁人群中；男性的损失约占总负担的3/4。
关于该主题的现有证据有限，特别是考虑到所使用的方法学方法。因此，需要更多研究以更全面地了解近期COVID-19大流行导致的经济层面生产力损失。
