Ebstu Edmealem Temesgen, Muluneh Mekuanent
Faculty of Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering, Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Water Resources Research Center, Arba Minch Water Technology Institute, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Heliyon. 2024 Dec 27;11(1):e41551. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41551. eCollection 2025 Jan 15.
This study investigates the integrative effects of irrigation water management allowable depletion (MAD), furrow irrigation methods (FIM), and nitrogen fertilizer application rate (NFAR) on tomato yield components. These yield components include marketable, unmarketable, and total yield. Additionally, the study examines crop agronomy components such as plant height, number of branches, and root depth in semi-arid Southern Ethiopia. The research employs a factorial and split-plot design. Three types of FIM are assigned as the main plot, while three levels of irrigation water (50 %, 75 %, and 100 % MAD) and four levels of NFAR (0 %, 50 %, 100 %, and 150 % NFAR) serve as the subplots, with three replications. The study results reveal significant impacts of these factors. All p-values for tomato yield and agronomy-measured components are less than 0.05. FIM, irrigation water level, and NFAR interaction affect marketable, unmarketable, and total tomato yield. The results ranged from 2.3 tons ha⁻-43.9 tons ha⁻ for marketable yield, 0.8 tons ha⁻-8 tons ha⁻ for unmarketable yield, and 6.3 tons ha⁻-45.2 tons ha⁻ for total yield. The integration of 75 % MAD with 100 % NFAR under conventional furrow irrigation, and 100 % MAD with 100 % NFAR under alternative furrow irrigation, was most preferable. This approach resulted in no loss of nitrogen fertilizer and saved 25 % of irrigation water without reducing tomato yield. However, the interaction of deficit nitrogen fertilizer rate application, with or without full application of MAD and conventional or other furrow irrigation methods, caused the total yield to decrease. CFIM and AFIM with 100 % MAD and 100NFAR treatments yielded the highest profits, while the FFIM approach under 50%MAD and 0%NFAR conditions negatively impacted profitability. Therefore, by adopting the preferable practices, farmers can achieve higher productivity and sustainability in tomato cultivation. This approach addresses the challenges posed by water scarcity and nutrient limitations.
本研究调查了灌溉水管理允许亏缺量（MAD）、沟灌方法（FIM）和氮肥施用量（NFAR）对番茄产量构成因素的综合影响。这些产量构成因素包括可销售产量、不可销售产量和总产量。此外，该研究还考察了埃塞俄比亚南部半干旱地区的作物农艺学构成因素，如株高、分枝数和根深。该研究采用析因裂区设计。三种类型的FIM被指定为主区，而三个灌溉水水平（50%、75%和100%MAD）和四个NFAR水平（0%、50%、100%和150%NFAR）作为副区，设置三次重复。研究结果揭示了这些因素的显著影响。番茄产量和农艺学测量成分的所有p值均小于0.05。FIM、灌溉水水平和NFAR的交互作用影响可销售、不可销售和番茄总产量。可销售产量范围为2.3吨公顷⁻¹至43.9吨公顷⁻¹，不可销售产量范围为0.8吨公顷⁻¹至8吨公顷⁻¹，总产量范围为6.3吨公顷⁻¹至45.2吨公顷⁻¹。在常规沟灌条件下，75%MAD与100%NFAR相结合，以及在交替沟灌条件下，100%MAD与100%NFAR相结合，是最优选的。这种方法不会造成氮肥损失，节省了25%的灌溉用水，且不会降低番茄产量。然而，氮肥施用量不足，无论是否完全施用MAD以及采用常规或其他沟灌方法，都会导致总产量下降。100%MAD和100NFAR处理的CFIM和AFIM产生了最高利润，而50%MAD和0%NFAR条件下的FFIM方法对盈利能力产生了负面影响。因此，通过采用优选做法，农民在番茄种植中可以实现更高的生产力和可持续性。这种方法解决了水资源短缺和养分限制带来的挑战。
