Pan Anwesha, Cromeens Martha Grace, Cedars Marcelle I, Bleil Maria E
From the Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
Menopause. 2025 Mar 1;32(3):247-257. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002483. Epub 2025 Jan 21.
This study aimed to determine whether exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is associated with depressive symptoms while also characterizing the contribution of key explanatory factors related to sociodemographics and health. In addition, it aimed to also explore the role of reproductive health as a pathway through which exposure to TRAP may relate to depressive symptoms.
Participants were 688 healthy reproductive-age women in the Ovarian Aging Study. TRAP was derived from distance-weighted traffic counts using residential addresses. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale. Explanatory factors were assessed by interview and clinic measures, including demographics (age, race/ethnicity), socioeconomic status (SES) (individual SES, neighborhood SES), general health (smoking, body mass index), and reproductive health (menarcheal age, contraceptive use, parity, menstrual cycle characteristics).
In cross-sectional, step-wise multivariate regression analyses, greater exposure to TRAP was related to more depressive symptoms ( b = 0.779, P = 0.015). Lower individual SES, longer menstrual cycle length, and experiencing change (vs no change) in menstrual cycle length were also related to more depressive symptoms ( P 's < 0.05). Examination of each model step showed that variance in depressive symptoms was attributable to TRAP (1.2%, P = 0.004), demographics (1.0%, P = 0.217), SES (1.4%, P = 0.007), general health (0.3%, P = 0.356), and reproductive health (2.0%, P = 0.015). Finally, menstrual cycle length, a marker of reproductive health status, partially mediated effects of TRAP on depressive symptoms (indirect effect: b = 0.064, P = 0.020).
Findings showed that exposure to TRAP is associated with depression, along with SES and reproductive health factors, and that reproductive health may be a pathway through which TRAP relates to depression.
本研究旨在确定暴露于交通相关空气污染（TRAP）是否与抑郁症状相关，同时描述社会人口统计学和健康相关关键解释因素的作用。此外，还旨在探讨生殖健康作为TRAP暴露与抑郁症状之间潜在关联途径的作用。
参与者为卵巢衰老研究中的688名健康育龄妇女。TRAP通过使用居住地址的距离加权交通流量计算得出。抑郁症状通过流行病学研究中心抑郁量表进行评估。解释因素通过访谈和临床测量进行评估，包括人口统计学（年龄、种族/族裔）、社会经济地位（SES）（个人SES、邻里SES）、总体健康状况（吸烟、体重指数）以及生殖健康（初潮年龄、避孕措施使用、生育次数、月经周期特征）。
在横断面逐步多元回归分析中，更高的TRAP暴露与更多的抑郁症状相关（b = 0.779，P = 0.015）。较低的个人SES、较长的月经周期长度以及月经周期长度出现变化（与无变化相比）也与更多的抑郁症状相关（P值<0.05）。对每个模型步骤的检查表明，抑郁症状的变异可归因于TRAP（1.2%，P = 0.004）、人口统计学（1.0%，P = 0.217）、SES（1.4%，P = 0.007）、总体健康状况（0.3%，P = 0.356）以及生殖健康（2.0%，P = 0.015）。最后，月经周期长度作为生殖健康状况的一个指标，部分介导了TRAP对抑郁症状的影响（间接效应：b = 0.064，P = 0.020）。
研究结果表明，暴露于TRAP与抑郁相关，同时也与SES和生殖健康因素有关，并且生殖健康可能是TRAP与抑郁之间的关联途径。
