空气污染、道路交通噪音、绿化缺失与2型糖尿病风险：一项覆盖丹麦的多暴露因素前瞻性研究
Air pollution, road traffic noise and lack of greenness and risk of type 2 diabetes: A multi-exposure prospective study covering Denmark.
作者信息
Sørensen Mette, Poulsen Aslak H, Hvidtfeldt Ulla A, Brandt Jørgen, Frohn Lise M, Ketzel Matthias, Christensen Jesper H, Im Ulas, Khan Jibran, Münzel Thomas, Raaschou-Nielsen Ole
机构信息
Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Natural Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark.
Environment and Cancer, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
出版信息
Environ Int. 2022 Dec;170:107570. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107570. Epub 2022 Oct 6.
OBJECTIVE
Air pollution, road traffic noise and lack of greenness coexist in urban environments and have all been associated with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate how these co-exposures were associated with type 2 diabetes in a multi-exposure perspective.
METHODS
We estimated 5-year residential mean exposure to fine particles (PM), ultrafine particles (UFP), elemental carbon (EC), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and road traffic noise at the most (LdenMax) and least (LdenMin) exposed facade for all persons aged > 50 years living in Denmark in 2005 to 2017. For each air pollutant, we estimated total concentrations and traffic contributions. Based on land use maps, we estimated proportion of green and non-green space within 150 and 1000 m of all residences. In total, 1.9 million persons were included and 128,358 developed type 2 diabetes during follow-up. We performed analyses using Cox proportional hazards models, with adjustment for individual and neighborhood-level sociodemographic co-variates.
RESULTS
In single-pollutant models, all air pollutants, noise and lack of green space were associated with higher risk of diabetes. In two-, three- and four-pollutant analyses of the air pollutants, only UFP and NO remained associated with higher diabetes risk in all models. LdenMax, LdenMin and the two proxies of green space remained associated with diabetes in two-pollutant models of, respectively, noise and green space. In a multi-pollutant analysis, we found hazard ratios (95 % confidence intervals) per interquartile range of 1.021 (1.005; 1.038) for UFP, 1.012 (0.996; 1.028) for NO, 1.022 (1.012; 1.033) for LdenMin, 1.013 (1.004; 1.022) for LdenMax, and 1.038 (1.031; 1.044) and 1.018 (1.010; 1.025) for lack of green space within, respectively, 150 m and 1000 m, and a cumulative risk index of 1.131 (1.113; 1.149).
CONCLUSIONS
Air pollution, road traffic noise and lack of green space were independently associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes.
目的
空气污染、道路交通噪音和绿化不足在城市环境中并存，且均与2型糖尿病相关。我们旨在从多暴露因素的角度研究这些共同暴露因素与2型糖尿病之间的关联。
方法
我们估算了2005年至2017年居住在丹麦年龄大于50岁的所有人在暴露最多（LdenMax）和最少（LdenMin）的立面上5年的住宅平均暴露于细颗粒物（PM）、超细颗粒物（UFP）、元素碳（EC）、二氧化氮（NO）和道路交通噪音的情况。对于每种空气污染物，我们估算了总浓度和交通贡献量。基于土地利用地图，我们估算了所有住宅周围150米和1000米范围内绿地和非绿地的比例。总共纳入了190万人，随访期间有128358人患2型糖尿病。我们使用Cox比例风险模型进行分析，并对个体和社区层面的社会人口统计学协变量进行了调整。
结果
在单污染物模型中，所有空气污染物、噪音和绿化不足均与较高的糖尿病风险相关。在空气污染物的二污染物、三污染物和四污染物分析中，所有模型中只有UFP和NO仍与较高的糖尿病风险相关。在分别针对噪音和绿化空间的二污染物模型中，LdenMax、LdenMin和两个绿化空间指标仍与糖尿病相关。在多污染物分析中，我们发现UFP每四分位间距的风险比（95%置信区间）为1.021（1.005；1.038），NO为1.012（0.996；1.028），LdenMin为1.022（1.012；1.033），LdenMax为1.013（1.004；1.022），150米和1000米范围内绿化不足的风险比分别为1.038（1.031；1.044）和1.018（1.010；1.025），累积风险指数为1.131（1.113；1.149）。
结论
空气污染、道路交通噪音和绿化不足与2型糖尿病的较高风险独立相关。
Zotero 插件