Gellrich Janine, Lohrer Elisabeth C, Hummel Thomas, Schriever Valentin A
Abteilung Neuropädiatrie, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Neuropediatrics. 2025 Aug;56(4):215-220. doi: 10.1055/a-2509-8547. Epub 2025 Jan 21.
Olfactory disorders have so far played a subordinate role in pediatric care, although children can also be affected. Due to a lack of awareness, the diagnosis can often only be made after numerous visits to the doctor, although it can significantly impact the quality of life. Olfactory disorders in adults are usually acquired, while congenital causes dominate in children. To date, there are no specific recommendations for diagnosis in children. This article deals with the prevalence, causes, and diagnostic approaches of olfactory disorders in pediatrics. A structured diagnostic approach is fundamental, including a medical history and psychophysical olfactory tests, supplemented by specific examinations depending on the suspected diagnosis. Therapeutic approaches are limited, with a focus on counseling and olfactory training.
嗅觉障碍在儿科护理中迄今一直处于次要地位，尽管儿童也可能受到影响。由于认识不足，往往要在多次就医后才能做出诊断，尽管嗅觉障碍会对生活质量产生重大影响。成人的嗅觉障碍通常是后天获得的，而儿童则以先天性病因为主。迄今为止，尚无针对儿童诊断的具体建议。本文探讨了儿科嗅觉障碍的患病率、病因及诊断方法。结构化的诊断方法至关重要，包括病史采集和心理物理嗅觉测试，并根据疑似诊断辅以特定检查。治疗方法有限，主要侧重于咨询和嗅觉训练。
