城市与农村老年人：职业平衡与生活质量比较
Urban versus rural older adults: occupational balance and quality of life comparison.
作者信息
Pekçetin Emel, Pekçetin Serkan, Sağlamoğlu Emine, Ekici Gamze
机构信息
Faculty of Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Department, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
Faculty of Gülhane Health Sciences, Occupational Therapy Department, University of Health Sciences Turkey, Ankara, Turkey.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2025 Jan 21;25(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-05694-2.
BACKGROUND
Occupational balance is a crucial concept in occupational therapy and is recognized as a vital component of health and well-being. The residential status may have a significant impact on the occupational balance (OB) and quality of life (QoL) of older adults.
METHODS
A group of 107 older adults from the urban area (mean age: 69.80 ± 4.78 years), and 93 older adults from the rural area (mean age: 71.24 ± 6.79 years) were examined. OB of the participants was evaluated with the Occupational Balance Questionnaire 11-T (OBQ 11-T) The QoL of older adults assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life - OLD module (WHOQOL-OLD).
RESULTS
The median OBQ11-T total score was 21.00 (7.00) in the urban area group and 20.00 (5.00) in the rural area group. Older adults residing in urban areas had higher scores in the OBQ 11-T total score, Item 1 = "Having enough things to do during a regular week", Item 5 = "Have sufficient time for doing mandatory occupations", and Item 11 = "Satisfaction with time spent in rest, recovery, and sleep" (p < .05). This suggests that older adults in urban areas may perceive a better balance in their activities. In contrast, rural residents had lower scores on these items, potentially reflecting fewer perceived opportunities for engaging in activities in a balanced manner. Older adults daily residing in urban areas had higher scores in the WHOQOL-OLD total score, WHOQOL-OLD Sensory Abilities Subtest, and WHOQOL-OLD Autonomy Subtest (p < .05). These findings indicate a higher QoL, particularly in sensory and autonomy-related aspects, for older adults in urban areas. Conversely, rural residents reported lower scores on these QoL subscales, which may be attributed to different environmental and lifestyle factors associated with rural living.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicated that residency status is an important variable for both OB and QoL of older adults. Occupational therapy interventions should consider special needs of older adults who live in rural areas.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The clinical trial number is not applicable.
背景
职业平衡是职业治疗中的一个关键概念，被认为是健康和幸福的重要组成部分。居住状况可能对老年人的职业平衡（OB）和生活质量（QoL）产生重大影响。
方法
对一组来自城市地区的107名老年人（平均年龄：69.80±4.78岁）和93名来自农村地区的老年人（平均年龄：71.24±6.79岁）进行了检查。使用职业平衡问卷11项版（OBQ 11-T）评估参与者的职业平衡。通过世界卫生组织生活质量-老年模块（WHOQOL-OLD）评估老年人的生活质量。
结果
城市地区组的OBQ11-T总分中位数为21.00（7.00），农村地区组为20.00（5.00）。居住在城市地区的老年人在OBQ 11-T总分、项目1 = “在正常一周内有足够的事情可做”、项目5 = “有足够的时间进行强制性活动”以及项目11 = “对休息、恢复和睡眠所花费时间的满意度”方面得分较高（p <.05）。这表明城市地区的老年人可能感觉其活动的平衡度更好。相比之下，农村居民在这些项目上得分较低，这可能反映出他们认为以平衡方式参与活动的机会较少。日常居住在城市地区的老年人在WHOQOL-OLD总分、WHOQOL-OLD感官能力子测试和WHOQOL-OLD自主性子测试中得分较高（p <.05）。这些发现表明城市地区老年人的生活质量较高，尤其是在与感官和自主性相关的方面。相反，农村居民在这些生活质量子量表上的得分较低，这可能归因于与农村生活相关的不同环境和生活方式因素。
结论
这些发现表明居住状况是老年人职业平衡和生活质量的重要变量。职业治疗干预应考虑农村地区老年人的特殊需求。
试验注册
临床试验编号不适用。
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