Tajadod Shirin, Roumi Zahra, Abbas Torki Saheb, Mousavi Shalmani Seyedeh Hayedeh, Moradi Mahdi, Saeedirad Zahra, Abbasi Mobarakeh Khadijeh, Mohammadi Saeideh, Shekari Soheila, Mirzaee Pouya, Bahmani Parsa, Houshyar-Rad Anahita, Doaei Saeid
Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Neuropsychopharmacol Rep. 2025 Mar;45(1):e12521. doi: 10.1002/npr2.12521.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Imbalanced dietary Intake has recently been proposed as a possible environmental risk factor for ASD. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible connection between ASD and intake of various carbohydrate types.
110 patients with autism from 5 to 15 years of age have been included as the case group and 110 neurotypical children who are part of a similar age category have been chosen as controls for this case-control study. To estimate the dietary intake of carbohydrates, a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used.
Positive connections were found between ASD and the intake of sugar (OR = 1.03, CI 95%: 1.02-1.06, p = 0.001), and maltose (OR = 2.09, CI 95%: 1.37-3.20, p = 0.001). A reverse correlation was found between ASD and dietary intake of carbohydrates (OR = 0.97, CI 95%: 0.96-0.98, p = 0.001), fructose (OR = 0.85, CI 95%: 0.77-0.94, p = 0.002), and lactose (OR = 0.89, CI 95%: 0.83-0.96, p = 0.002).
This study showed a direct link between autism and the intake of sugar and maltose and an inverse connection between autism and the dietary intake of total carbohydrate, fructose, and lactose. There is a need to carry out additional long-term studies.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种具有遗传和环境风险因素的神经发育障碍。近期有人提出饮食摄入不均衡可能是ASD的一个环境风险因素。本研究的目的是调查ASD与各种碳水化合物类型摄入之间的可能联系。
本病例对照研究纳入了110名5至15岁的自闭症患者作为病例组，并选择了110名年龄相仿的神经发育正常儿童作为对照组。为评估碳水化合物的饮食摄入量，使用了一份经过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ）。
发现ASD与糖的摄入量之间存在正相关（OR = 1.03，95%置信区间：1.02 - 1.06，p = 0.001），以及与麦芽糖的摄入量之间存在正相关（OR = 2.09，95%置信区间：1.37 - 3.20，p = 0.001）。发现ASD与碳水化合物的饮食摄入量（OR = 0.97，95%置信区间：0.96 - 0.98，p = 0.001）、果糖（OR = 0.85，95%置信区间：0.77 - 0.94，p = 0.002）和乳糖（OR = 0.89，95%置信区间：0.83 - 0.96，p = 0.002）之间存在负相关。
本研究表明自闭症与糖和麦芽糖的摄入量之间存在直接联系，而自闭症与总碳水化合物、果糖和乳糖的饮食摄入量之间存在反向联系。有必要开展更多的长期研究。
