Aronsson Amanda E, Thern Emelie, Matilla-Santander Nuria, Kvart Signild, Hernando-Rodriguez Julio C, Badarin Kathryn, Julià Mireia, Alfayumi-Zeadna Samira, Gunn Virginia, Kreshpaj Bertina, Muntaner Carles, Bodin Theo, Mangot-Sala Lluís
Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, postbox 8900, Torgarden, 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2025 Mar 1;51(2):59-67. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4210. Epub 2025 Jan 22.
This study investigates the association between parental precarious employment (PE) and the mental health of their adolescent children, with a particular focus on how the association differs based on whether the mother or father is in PE.
This register-based study used the Swedish Work, Illness, and Labor-market Participation (SWIP) cohort. A sample of 117 437 children aged 16 years at baseline (2005) were followed up until 2009 (the year they turned 20). A multidimensional construct of PE (SWE-ROPE 2.0) was used to classify parental employment as either precarious, substandard or standard. The outcome, adolescents' mental disorders, was measured as a diagnosis of a mental disorder using ICD-10 codes or by prescribed psychotropic drugs using ATC codes. Crude and adjusted Cox regression models produced hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the association between parental PE and adolescents' mental health.
Adolescents with parents in PE exhibited a higher risk of developing mental disorders. The association was more pronounced for paternal PE (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.10-1.35) compared to maternal PE (HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.21). These associations largely persisted after adjusting for important confounders, including parental mental health.
This study addresses a significant gap in the literature on parental PE and adolescents' mental health. As PE is growing more common across countries, this study provides relevant insights into the intergenerational role that parental low-quality employment may have in terms of mental health within families.
本研究调查父母不稳定就业（PE）与其青春期子女心理健康之间的关联，特别关注这种关联如何因母亲或父亲是否处于不稳定就业状态而有所不同。
这项基于登记册的研究使用了瑞典工作、疾病和劳动力市场参与（SWIP）队列。对117437名在基线（2005年）时年龄为16岁的儿童进行随访，直至2009年（他们满20岁的那一年）。使用PE的多维结构（SWE-ROPE 2.0）将父母的就业状况分为不稳定、不合格或标准。结果变量，即青少年的精神障碍，通过使用ICD-10编码诊断精神障碍或使用ATC编码开具的精神药物来衡量。粗 Cox 回归模型和调整后的 Cox 回归模型产生了风险比（HR）和 95%置信区间（CI），以估计父母不稳定就业与青少年心理健康之间的关联。
父母处于不稳定就业状态的青少年患精神障碍的风险更高。与母亲的不稳定就业（HR 1.11，95% CI 1.00 - 1.21）相比，父亲的不稳定就业与精神障碍的关联更为明显（HR 1.22，95% CI 1.10 - 1.35）。在调整了包括父母心理健康在内的重要混杂因素后，这些关联在很大程度上仍然存在。
本研究填补了关于父母不稳定就业与青少年心理健康的文献中的一个重大空白。由于不稳定就业在各国越来越普遍，本研究为父母低质量就业在家庭心理健康方面可能具有的代际作用提供了相关见解。
