Tezuka Kazuhide, Ito Yuka, Nishi Daisuke
Department of Mental Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8654, Japan.
Department of Public Mental Health Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025 Jan 22;25(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07173-3.
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) with insomnia is presumed to be associated with antenatal depression. RLS without insomnia, however, has not been investigated in association with antenatal depression. We aimed to examine whether RLS without insomnia during pregnancy is associated with antenatal depressive symptoms.
This cross-sectional study used data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing antenatal depressive symptoms among Japanese pregnant women. The participants were 2,108 women who attended the RCT at 16-20 weeks of pregnancy. RLS, insomnia, and antenatal depressive symptoms were assessed using the Cambridge-Hopkins questionnaire short form, Insomnia Severity Index, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively. Associations of antenatal depressive symptoms with RLS and insomnia were examined using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, partner, education, children, and planned pregnancy.
Of the total participants, 206 (9.8%) had antenatal depressive symptoms; 80 (3.8%) had RLS. The mean age (standard deviation) was 30.4 (4.6) years. RLS was positively associated with antenatal depressive symptoms: the odds ratio was 2.30 (95% confidence interval, 1.28-4.16). RLS without insomnia was positively associated with antenatal depressive symptoms, as well as insomnia without RLS and RLS with insomnia: the odds ratio was 2.44 (95% confidence interval, 1.09-5.46) for RLS without insomnia, 3.83 (2.78-5.28) for insomnia without RLS, and 5.80 (2.42-13.92) for RLS with insomnia, compared to neither RLS nor insomnia.
We observed the positive association between RLS without insomnia and antenatal depressive symptoms, suggesting the importance of assessing and treating RLS without insomnia during pregnancy for the reduction of antenatal depressive symptoms.
伴有失眠的不宁腿综合征（RLS）被认为与产前抑郁有关。然而，不伴有失眠的RLS与产前抑郁之间的关系尚未得到研究。我们旨在探讨孕期不伴有失眠的RLS是否与产前抑郁症状相关。
这项横断面研究使用了一项随机对照试验（RCT）的数据，该试验评估了日本孕妇的产前抑郁症状。参与者为2108名在怀孕16至20周时参加该RCT的女性。分别使用剑桥-霍普金斯问卷简表、失眠严重程度指数和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表对RLS、失眠和产前抑郁症状进行评估。使用逻辑回归分析，在调整年龄、伴侣、教育程度、子女数量和计划妊娠等因素后，研究产前抑郁症状与RLS和失眠之间的关联。
在所有参与者中，206人（9.8%）有产前抑郁症状；80人（3.8%）有RLS。平均年龄（标准差）为30.4（4.6）岁。RLS与产前抑郁症状呈正相关：比值比为2.30（95%置信区间，1.28 - 4.16）。不伴有失眠的RLS与产前抑郁症状呈正相关，不伴有RLS的失眠以及伴有失眠的RLS也与产前抑郁症状呈正相关：与既无RLS也无失眠的情况相比，不伴有失眠的RLS的比值比为2.44（95%置信区间，1.09 - 5.46），不伴有RLS的失眠的比值比为3.83（2.78 - 5.28），伴有失眠的RLS的比值比为5.80（2.42 - 13.92）。
我们观察到不伴有失眠的RLS与产前抑郁症状之间存在正相关，这表明在孕期评估和治疗不伴有失眠的RLS对于减少产前抑郁症状具有重要意义。
