Zhong Guanping, Shu Yang, Li Hongwei, Zhou Yuelin, Wei Qiaoying, Yang Biao, Yang Lian
HEOA Group, School of Public Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
HEOA Group, School of Management, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jan 8;12:1508236. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1508236. eCollection 2024.
This study explored the effect of four different smoking statuses (non-smokers, moderate smokers, heavy smokers, and former smokers) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among residents aged 15 years and older in Sichuan Province, China with consideration of potential differences among age groups (young, middle-aged, and older adults).
The EQ-5D-5L utility index and EQ-VAS score were used to measure HRQOL. Self-reporting and salivary cotinine test were used to determine the smoking status of respondents, and the Tobit regression model was used to explore the relationship between smoking status and HRQOL.
The Tobit regression model found a significant correlation between smoking status and HRQOL. Heavy smokers reported a lower EQ-VAS score compared to non-smokers ( < 0.01); the EQ-5D-5L utility index and EQ-VAS score reported by former smokers were lower compared to non-smokers ( < 0.05 and < 0.01, respectively). In the young population, the EQ-VAS score of heavy smokers was lower than that of non-smokers ( < 0.05); In the middle-aged population, the EQ-VAS score of heavy smokers was lower than that of non-smokers ( < 0.05). The EQ-5D-5L utility index and EQ-VAS score of former smokers were lower than that of non-smokers (p < 0.05 and < 0.001, respectively). However, in the older adult population, the EQ-5D-5L utility index and EQ-VAS score of moderate smokers were higher compared to non-smokers ( < 0.05 and < 0.05, respectively).
This study found a significant correlation between HRQOL and smoking status, with notable differences in the relationship between smoking, EQ-5D-5L utility index, and EQ-VAS scores across age groups. We recommend targeted measures to control tobacco use based on age, considering specific smoking risks for each group. In particular, attention should be paid to the harm of smoking among young and middle-aged groups, reduce the occurrence of smoking behavior through publicity and early intervention, and provide appropriate health interventions for the older adult group. In addition, effective smoking cessation support policies should be developed to encourage residents to quit or reduce smoking frequency, avoid the progression of moderate smoking to heavy smoking and thus lead to serious health threats.
本研究探讨了四种不同吸烟状况（不吸烟者、中度吸烟者、重度吸烟者和既往吸烟者）对中国四川省15岁及以上居民健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）的影响，并考虑了年龄组（年轻人、中年人、老年人）之间的潜在差异。
采用EQ-5D-5L效用指数和EQ-VAS评分来衡量HRQOL。通过自我报告和唾液可替宁检测来确定受访者的吸烟状况，并使用Tobit回归模型来探讨吸烟状况与HRQOL之间的关系。
Tobit回归模型发现吸烟状况与HRQOL之间存在显著相关性。与不吸烟者相比，重度吸烟者报告的EQ-VAS评分较低（<0.01）；既往吸烟者报告的EQ-5D-5L效用指数和EQ-VAS评分低于不吸烟者（分别为<0.05和<0.01）。在年轻人群中，重度吸烟者的EQ-VAS评分低于不吸烟者（<0.05）；在中年人群中，重度吸烟者的EQ-VAS评分低于不吸烟者（<0.05）。既往吸烟者的EQ-5D-5L效用指数和EQ-VAS评分低于不吸烟者（分别为p<0.05和<0.001）。然而，在老年人群中，与不吸烟者相比，中度吸烟者的EQ-5D-5L效用指数和EQ-VAS评分较高（分别为<0.05和<0.05）。
本研究发现HRQOL与吸烟状况之间存在显著相关性，不同年龄组在吸烟、EQ-5D-5L效用指数和EQ-VAS评分之间的关系存在显著差异。我们建议根据年龄采取有针对性的控烟措施，考虑每个群体的特定吸烟风险。特别是，应关注年轻和中年群体中吸烟的危害，通过宣传和早期干预减少吸烟行为的发生，并为老年群体提供适当的健康干预。此外，应制定有效的戒烟支持政策，鼓励居民戒烟或降低吸烟频率，避免中度吸烟发展为重度吸烟从而导致严重的健康威胁。
