Rajdoula Rafe Md, Waris Abdul, Saha Pranoy
Department of Neuroscience City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China.
Department of Pharmacy Jagannath University Dhaka Bangladesh.
Health Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 22;8(1):e70370. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.70370. eCollection 2025 Jan.
The lack of therapeutic response characterizes treatment-resistant depression despite undergoing at least two adequate monotherapy trials with medications from distinct pharmacologic classes. The inability to attain remission in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant issue of concern within public health. Therefore, the management of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) poses significant obstacles for both patients and healthcare professionals. Our goal was to investigate the published literature concerning different options for treatment for TRD, including those that do not involve the use of medications.
We thoroughly searched the literature in the Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases to find publications relevant to our narrative review and extracted data from appropriate data. For this review, literary works written solely in English were chosen.
Ongoing research is being conducted to explore the treatment options for TRD, including pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions. Pharmacological interventions include a wide range of therapeutic approaches, including but not limited to investigating innovative medications and strategies such as augmentation, switching, and combination therapies involving established and emerging drugs. Nonpharmacological interventions, including brain stimulation such as theta burst stimulation, deep brain stimulation, electroconvulsive therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, intermittent transcranial magnetic stimulation, and magnetic seizure therapy, as well as psychotherapeutic approaches, are being explored for the management of TRD in both present and future contexts.
Researchers are dedicating significant resources to the aforementioned therapeutic interventions to advance the development of novel and efficacious treatment options for TRD and enhance our comprehension of the underlying disease. This review focused on looking at recent research concerning therapeutic interventions for TRD.
尽管使用了至少两种来自不同药理学类别的药物进行了充分的单药治疗试验，但治疗反应不佳仍是难治性抑郁症的特征。在被诊断为重度抑郁症（MDD）的患者中无法实现缓解是公共卫生领域一个重大的关注问题。因此，难治性抑郁症（TRD）的管理给患者和医疗专业人员都带来了重大障碍。我们的目标是调查已发表的有关TRD不同治疗选择的文献，包括那些不涉及使用药物的治疗选择。
我们在谷歌学术、PubMed和ScienceDirect数据库中全面搜索文献，以找到与我们的叙述性综述相关的出版物，并从适当的数据中提取数据。对于本次综述，仅选择用英文撰写的文献作品。
正在进行研究以探索TRD的治疗选择，包括药物和非药物干预。药物干预包括广泛的治疗方法，包括但不限于研究创新药物和策略，如增效、换药以及涉及已上市和新兴药物的联合治疗。非药物干预，包括脑刺激，如theta爆发刺激、深部脑刺激、电惊厥治疗、重复经颅磁刺激、间歇性经颅磁刺激和磁惊厥治疗，以及心理治疗方法，目前和未来都在探索用于TRD的管理。
研究人员正在为上述治疗干预投入大量资源，以推进TRD新型有效治疗选择的开发，并增强我们对潜在疾病的理解。本综述重点关注了有关TRD治疗干预的最新研究。
