Zhang Jing, Li Peng, Li Siyan, Lyu Zhongqi
Nanning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
Department of Public Health, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, 545006, Guangxi, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jan 24;15(1):3027. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-84989-7.
Nowadays rice has become one of the world's staple foods. Rice in southern China is also a staple food for everyone, however, with the development of China's industrialization model, many industrial areas may be contaminated by heavy metals, leading to contamination of the agricultural areas. With the development of recent years, Nanning has become a heavily industrial development area, and rice is also a favourite staple food. Therefore, it is a matter of concern to detect whether heavy metals contaminate rice in Nanning due to environmental factors. Five administrative villages were selected from 12 districts, and 20% of the natural villages were randomly selected for soil and water sample taking using probability distribution points and making the number of samples in each village evenly distributed. The single gene index pollution method and Nemerow composite pollution index method was used to evaluate whether heavy metals polluted the crops. Rice was evaluated through the national standard of Food Safety and Food Contaminant Limits. The survey shows that the heavy metal pollution of rice is moderate, especially cadmium pollution is more serious, but the risk of environmental factors in the Nanning area has a small impact on the overall safety and quality of rice, which is still within the controllable range. The total exceedance rate of heavy metals in the surveyed local rice was 20.95%, and the exceedance rate of paddy rice was 33.33%. The exceedance rates of lead, cadmium, inorganic arsenic, and total mercury in rice were 2.23%, 17.88%, 0.56%, and 0.84% respectively. Cadmium was identified as the primary heavy metal contaminant in local rice, with the highest detected concentration reaching 1.23 mg/kg, which is 6.15 times above the limit set by national health standards. This study shows that the concentration of heavy metals in the environment of Nanning Province is low, and the risk caused by environmental factors has relatively little impact on the safety and quality of rice. However, since the pollution of heavy metals will continue to enrich the food chain with time, long-term use will also cause harm to the human body. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the attention of local governments in rice-producing areas to food safety, and then take effective measures to improve local heavy metal detection technology, improve crop quality, and protect people's food safety.
如今，大米已成为世界主食之一。在中国南方，大米也是每个人的主食。然而，随着中国工业化模式的发展，许多工业区可能受到重金属污染，导致农业区受到污染。近年来，随着发展，南宁已成为工业高度发达的地区，大米也是人们喜爱的主食。因此，检测南宁的大米是否因环境因素受到重金属污染是一个值得关注的问题。从12个区中选取了5个行政村，按照概率分布点随机抽取20%的自然村进行土壤和水样采集，使每个村的样本数量均匀分布。采用单因子指数污染法和内梅罗综合污染指数法评估重金属是否污染了农作物。大米通过食品安全国家标准和食品污染物限量标准进行评估。调查显示，大米的重金属污染为中度，尤其是镉污染较为严重，但南宁地区环境因素风险对大米整体安全性和品质的影响较小，仍在可控范围内。被调查的当地大米重金属总超标率为20.95%，稻谷超标率为33.33%。大米中铅、镉、无机砷和总汞的超标率分别为2.23%、17.88%、0.56%和0.84%。镉被确定为当地大米中的主要重金属污染物，检测到的最高浓度达到1.23毫克/千克，是国家卫生标准规定限值的6.15倍。本研究表明，广西省环境中重金属浓度较低，环境因素造成的风险对大米的安全性和品质影响相对较小。然而，由于重金属污染会随着时间的推移在食物链中不断富集，长期食用也会对人体造成危害。因此，有必要提高水稻产区地方政府对食品安全的重视，进而采取有效措施提高当地重金属检测技术，提升农作物品质，保障人民食品安全。
