Babaniamansour Parto, Jacho Diego, Rabino Agustin, Garcia-Mata Rafael, Yildirim-Ayan Eda
Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jan 7;15:1456042. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1456042. eCollection 2024.
Resolution of inflammation is essential for normal tissue healing and regeneration, with macrophages playing a key role in regulating this process through phenotypic changes from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory state. Pharmacological and mechanical (mechanotherapy) techniques can be employed to polarize macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, thereby diminishing inflammation. One clinically relevant pharmacological approach is the inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). This study investigates the effects of various mechanical loading amplitudes (0%, 3%, and 6%) and TRPV4 inhibition (10 µM RN-1734) on the phenotypic commitments of pro-inflammatory (M1) macrophages within three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrices. M1 macrophages exposed to 3% mechanical strain exhibited upregulated pro-inflammatory responses, including increased pro-inflammatory gene expression and enhanced proteolytic activity within the extracellular matrix. TRPV4 inhibition partially mitigated this inflammation. Notably, 6% mechanical strain combined with TRPV4 inhibition suppressed Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) expression, leading to reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression and increased anti-inflammatory markers such as CD206. Gene expression analysis further demonstrated significant reductions in pro-inflammatory gene expression and a synergistic promotion of anti-inflammatory phenotypes under TRPV4 inhibition at 6% mechanical strain. Surface protein analysis via immunohistochemistry confirmed these phenotypic shifts, highlighting changes in the expression of CD80 (pro-inflammatory) and CD206 (anti-inflammatory) markers, alongside F-actin and nuclear staining. This research suggests that TRPV4 inhibition, combined with specific mechanical loading (6%), can drive macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory state, thereby may promote inflammation resolution and tissue repair.
炎症的消退对于正常组织愈合和再生至关重要,巨噬细胞通过从促炎状态到抗炎状态的表型变化在调节这一过程中发挥关键作用。药理学和机械(机械疗法)技术可用于使巨噬细胞极化至抗炎表型,从而减轻炎症。一种临床相关的药理学方法是抑制瞬时受体电位香草酸受体4(TRPV4)。本研究调查了不同机械加载幅度(0%、3%和6%)以及TRPV4抑制(10 µM RN - 1734)对三维(3D)胶原基质中促炎(M1)巨噬细胞表型转变的影响。暴露于3%机械应变的M1巨噬细胞表现出促炎反应上调,包括促炎基因表达增加和细胞外基质中蛋白水解活性增强。TRPV4抑制部分减轻了这种炎症。值得注意的是,6%机械应变与TRPV4抑制相结合抑制了丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)表达,导致促炎基因表达减少和抗炎标志物如CD206增加。基因表达分析进一步表明,在6%机械应变下TRPV4抑制时,促炎基因表达显著降低,抗炎表型得到协同促进。通过免疫组织化学进行的表面蛋白分析证实了这些表型转变,突出了CD80(促炎)和CD206(抗炎)标志物以及F - 肌动蛋白和核染色表达的变化。这项研究表明,TRPV4抑制与特定机械加载(6%)相结合可使巨噬细胞趋向抗炎状态,从而可能促进炎症消退和组织修复。