Moshayedi Ata Jahangir, Mokhtari Tahmineh, Emadi Andani Mehran
School of Information Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China.
Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Brain Sci. 2024 Dec 27;15(1):20. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15010020.
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a range of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMSs) that significantly impact patients' quality of life. This review aims to synthesize the current literature on the application of brain stimulation techniques, including non-invasive methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation (tFUS), and transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), as well as invasive approaches like deep brain stimulation (DBS). We explore the efficacy and safety profiles of these techniques in alleviating both motor impairments, such as bradykinesia and rigidity, and non-motor symptoms, including cognitive decline, depression, and impulse control disorders. Current findings indicate that while non-invasive techniques present a favorable safety profile and are effective for milder symptoms, invasive methods like DBS provide significant relief for severe cases that are unresponsive to other treatments. Future research is needed to optimize stimulation parameters, establish robust clinical protocols, and expand the application of these technologies across various stages of PD. This review underscores the potential of brain stimulation as a vital therapeutic tool in managing PD, paving the way for enhanced treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes.
帕金森病（PD）是一种进行性神经退行性疾病，其特征是一系列运动和非运动症状（NMSs），这些症状会显著影响患者的生活质量。本综述旨在综合当前关于脑刺激技术应用的文献，包括非侵入性方法，如经颅磁刺激（TMS）、经颅电刺激（tES）、经颅聚焦超声刺激（tFUS）和经皮迷走神经刺激（tVNS），以及侵入性方法，如深部脑刺激（DBS）。我们探讨了这些技术在减轻运动障碍（如运动迟缓、僵硬）和非运动症状（包括认知衰退、抑郁和冲动控制障碍）方面的疗效和安全性。目前的研究结果表明，虽然非侵入性技术具有良好的安全性，对较轻症状有效，但像DBS这样的侵入性方法能为对其他治疗无反应的严重病例提供显著缓解。未来需要开展研究以优化刺激参数、建立完善的临床方案，并扩大这些技术在帕金森病各个阶段的应用。本综述强调了脑刺激作为治疗帕金森病的重要治疗工具的潜力，为改进治疗策略和改善患者预后铺平了道路。
