Saville Phoebe, Kinney Caitlin, Heiderscheit Annie, Himmerich Hubertus
Centre for Research in Eating and Weight Disorders (CREW), Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London SE5 8AB, UK.
Paediatric Psychology Team, Dingley Child Development Centre, Berkshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2025 Jan 13;15(1):65. doi: 10.3390/bs15010065.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting both children and adults, which often leads to significant difficulties with attention, impulsivity, and working memory. These challenges can impact various cognitive and perceptual domains, including music perception and performance. Despite these difficulties, individuals with ADHD frequently engage with music, and previous research has shown that music listening can serve as a means of increasing stimulation and self-regulation. Moreover, music therapy has been explored as a potential treatment option for individuals with ADHD. As there is a lack of integrative reviews on the interaction between ADHD and music, the present review aimed to fill the gap in research. Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across PsychInfo (Ovid), PubMed, and Web of Science. A narrative synthesis was conducted on 20 eligible studies published between 1981 and 2023, involving 1170 participants, of whom 830 had ADHD or ADD. The review identified three main areas of research: (1) music performance and processing in individuals with ADHD, (2) the use of music listening as a source of stimulation for those with ADHD, and (3) music-based interventions aimed at mitigating ADHD symptoms. The analysis revealed that individuals with ADHD often experience unique challenges in musical tasks, particularly those related to timing, rhythm, and complex auditory stimuli perception, though these deficits did not extend to rhythmic improvisation and musical expression. Most studies indicated that music listening positively affects various domains for individuals with ADHD. Furthermore, most studies of music therapy found that it can generate significant benefits for individuals with ADHD. The strength of these findings, however, was limited by inconsistencies among the studies, such as variations in ADHD diagnosis, comorbidities, medication use, and gender. Despite these limitations, this review provides a valuable foundation for future research on the interaction between ADHD and music.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种高度常见的神经发育障碍，影响儿童和成人，常导致注意力、冲动性和工作记忆方面的重大困难。这些挑战会影响各种认知和感知领域，包括音乐感知和演奏。尽管存在这些困难，ADHD患者经常参与音乐活动，先前的研究表明，听音乐可以作为增加刺激和自我调节的一种方式。此外，音乐疗法已被探索作为ADHD患者的一种潜在治疗选择。由于缺乏关于ADHD与音乐之间相互作用的综合综述，本综述旨在填补这一研究空白。遵循PRISMA指南，在PsychInfo（Ovid）、PubMed和科学网进行了全面的文献检索。对1981年至2023年发表的20项符合条件的研究进行了叙述性综合分析，涉及1170名参与者，其中830人患有ADHD或ADD。该综述确定了三个主要研究领域：（1）ADHD患者的音乐表演和处理，（2）将听音乐作为ADHD患者刺激源的应用，以及（3）旨在减轻ADHD症状的基于音乐的干预措施。分析表明，ADHD患者在音乐任务中经常面临独特的挑战，特别是那些与时间、节奏和复杂听觉刺激感知相关的挑战，尽管这些缺陷并不延伸至节奏即兴创作和音乐表达。大多数研究表明，听音乐对ADHD患者的各个领域有积极影响。此外，大多数音乐疗法研究发现，它可以为ADHD患者带来显著益处。然而，这些研究结果的力度受到研究之间不一致性的限制，例如ADHD诊断、共病、药物使用和性别的差异。尽管存在这些局限性，本综述为未来关于ADHD与音乐之间相互作用的研究提供了有价值的基础。
