音乐对注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的影响及其在严肃视频游戏中的潜在应用：系统评价。
Effects of Music on Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Potential Application in Serious Video Games: Systematic Review.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital - Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain.
Faculty of Medicine, Autonoma University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
出版信息
J Med Internet Res. 2023 May 12;25:e37742. doi: 10.2196/37742.
BACKGROUND
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a considerable impact on an individual's daily life. Some difficulties with timing deficits may be associated with deficiencies in attention, reading, language skills, or executive function. Music therapy, either active (playing an instrument) or passive (listening to music) has demonstrated its efficacy in reducing symptomatology in many disorders. Video games may prove to be a useful assessment and treatment tool in compensating for the difficulties with multimodal treatment in ADHD.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study is to (1) analyze the evidence that music is beneficial in reducing the symptomatology of ADHD using systematic review and (2) propose the application of music in video games following music therapy strategies.
METHODS
Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and gray literature (Google Scholar and WorldCat). We used the following search syntax: ((music[Title/Abstract]) or (music therapy[Title/Abstract])) and (attention deficit disorder[MeSH or thesaurus term]).
RESULTS
Of the 70 records identified, 17 provided findings that music can be beneficial in various domains of ADHD. Active music therapy improves hemispheric synchrony, social skills, aggressivity, and impulsivity. Passive music therapy improves academic skills like arithmetic, drawing, and reading comprehension, as well as attention and disruptive behaviors. The effects depend on the music genre, tempo, or task difficulty. Music in video games was generally found to be beneficial for people with ADHD. Music improves immersion and flow while playing video games. Using rhythm may also improve timing skills and immersion in patients with ADHD. Regarding the proposed application of aspects of music to therapeutic video games for ADHD, some paradigms in timing and music therapy were considered in the proposed design of video games.
CONCLUSIONS
Improving ADHD treatment through the application of music in video games is proposed.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021288226; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=288226.
背景
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）对个人日常生活有重大影响。时间缺陷的一些困难可能与注意力、阅读、语言技能或执行功能的缺陷有关。音乐治疗，无论是主动（演奏乐器）还是被动（听音乐），都已证明在许多疾病中减少症状的功效。视频游戏可能被证明是一种有用的评估和治疗工具，可以弥补 ADHD 多模式治疗的困难。
目的
本研究的目的是（1）通过系统评价分析音乐有益于减轻 ADHD 症状的证据，（2）提出在遵循音乐治疗策略的情况下将音乐应用于视频游戏。
方法
在 PubMed、Embase、PsycINFO、Cochrane 和灰色文献（Google Scholar 和 WorldCat）中进行了搜索。我们使用了以下搜索语法：((音乐[标题/摘要])或（音乐治疗[标题/摘要]))和（注意力缺陷障碍[MeSH 或词库术语]）。
结果
在 70 条记录中，有 17 条记录提供了音乐在 ADHD 的各个领域有益的发现。主动音乐治疗可改善半球同步性、社交技能、攻击性和冲动性。被动音乐治疗可改善算术、绘画和阅读理解等学业技能，以及注意力和多动行为。效果取决于音乐类型、节奏或任务难度。视频游戏中的音乐通常对 ADHD 患者有益。在玩视频游戏时，音乐可以提高沉浸感和流畅感。使用节奏也可能改善 ADHD 患者的计时技能和沉浸感。关于将音乐的某些方面应用于治疗 ADHD 的视频游戏的建议应用，在拟议的视频游戏设计中考虑了一些定时和音乐治疗的范例。
结论
提出通过将音乐应用于视频游戏来改善 ADHD 的治疗。
试验注册
PROSPERO CRD42021288226; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=288226.
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