Zaras Izabela, Kujawa Olga, Olszewski Marcin, Jarczewska Marta
Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
Chair of Drug and Cosmetics Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Koszykowa 75, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
Biosensors (Basel). 2025 Jan 17;15(1):59. doi: 10.3390/bios15010059.
Since lead can cause severe effects on living organisms' health and life, the regular monitoring of Pb levels in water and soil is of particular significance. Recently, it was shown that lead ions can also be detected using affinity-based biosensors, namely, using aptamers as recognition elements. In most cases, thrombin binding aptamer (TBA) was utilized; however, there are more examples of DNA aptamers which could also serve that purpose. Herein, we present studies on the electrochemical detection of lead ions using PS2M aptamer, which contains several guanine nucleotides, as the receptor element. Firstly, the method of aptamer-based layer fabrication was optimized along with the choice of a redox active indicator, which was a source of current signal. The experiments revealed the possibility of lead ion detection from 50 to 600 nM, which covers the range below and above the maximum accepted limit stated by US EPA (72 nM). Moreover, the sensing layer exhibited high selectivity towards lead ions and was successfully applied both for the analysis of tap water spiked with Pb ions and as a miniaturized sensor. Finally, stability and regeneration studies on the aptamer-based receptor layer were executed to confirm the utility of the elaborated tool.
由于铅会对生物体的健康和生命造成严重影响，定期监测水和土壤中的铅含量具有特别重要的意义。最近的研究表明，基于亲和力的生物传感器也可用于检测铅离子，即利用适体作为识别元件。在大多数情况下，凝血酶结合适体（TBA）被广泛使用；然而，还有更多能够实现该目的的DNA适体实例。在此，我们展示了以PS2M适体作为受体元件对铅离子进行电化学检测的研究。PS2M适体含有多个鸟嘌呤核苷酸。首先，我们优化了基于适体的层制造方法，并选择了作为电流信号来源的氧化还原活性指示剂。实验结果表明，该方法能够检测出浓度范围在50至600 nM之间的铅离子，此范围涵盖了美国环境保护局（EPA）规定的最大允许限值（72 nM）的上下限。此外，传感层对铅离子表现出高选择性，并成功应用于加标铅离子的自来水分析以及作为微型传感器。最后，我们对基于适体的受体层进行了稳定性和再生研究，以证实所开发工具的实用性。
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