de Freitas Natan Diego Alves, Freire Lucas José Macedo, Silva Suely Ruth, do Nascimento Nilton Guedes, Cordeiro-Estrela Pedro
Laboratório de Mamíferos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil.
Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil.
Trop Med Infect Dis. 2024 Dec 26;10(1):6. doi: 10.3390/tropicalmed10010006.
The urbanization process has led to significant changes in the landscape, shifting the epidemiological profile of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil. Dogs are considered the main urban reservoir of VL, whose infections precede cases in humans. In order to understand the socio-environmental determinants associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), we conducted a spatial analysis of CVL cases in northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2015, georeferencing 3288 domiciled dogs. We used linear mixed models to understand the ecoepidemiological determinants of CVL spatial relative risk (CVL SRR). Our findings indicate heterogeneity in CVL distribution, with 1 km diameter clusters potentially connected within an estimated 4.9 km diameter by the Ripley-K statistic. In our best-fit model, the CVL SRR was positively correlated with the proportion of households with literate heads, with trees, and with open sewage, but negatively correlated with vegetation phenology and mean income of the census sector. Here, we discuss the potential maintenance source of urban CVL clusters on a One Health framework. These findings highlight the complex interplay of socioeconomic and environmental factors in shaping the spatial distribution of CVL.
城市化进程导致了景观的显著变化，改变了巴西内脏利什曼病（VL）的流行病学特征。狗被认为是VL的主要城市宿主，狗的感染先于人类病例。为了了解与犬内脏利什曼病（CVL）相关的社会环境决定因素，我们对2013年至2015年巴西东北部的CVL病例进行了空间分析，对3288只家养犬进行了地理定位。我们使用线性混合模型来了解CVL空间相对风险（CVL SRR）的生态流行病学决定因素。我们的研究结果表明CVL分布存在异质性，直径1公里的集群可能通过Ripley-K统计量在估计直径4.9公里的范围内相互连接。在我们的最佳拟合模型中，CVL SRR与户主识字的家庭比例、有树木的家庭比例以及有露天污水的家庭比例呈正相关，但与植被物候和人口普查区的平均收入呈负相关。在此，我们在“同一健康”框架下讨论城市CVL集群的潜在维持来源。这些发现突出了社会经济和环境因素在塑造CVL空间分布方面的复杂相互作用。
