Kappari Laharika, Applegate Todd J, Glenn Anthony E, Bakre Abhijeet, Shanmugasundaram Revathi
Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Dec 24;17(1):1. doi: 10.3390/toxins17010001.
Identifying biomarkers of mycotoxin effects in chickens will provide an opportunity for early intervention to reduce the impact of mycotoxicosis. This study aimed to identify whether serum enzyme concentrations, gut integrity, and liver miRNAs can be potential biomarkers for fumonisin B1 (FB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA) toxicity in broiler birds as early as 14 days after exposure. A total of 720 male broiler chicks were distributed to six treatment groups: T1: control group (basal diet), T2 (2 FB1 + 2.5 DON + 0.9 ZEA), T3 (5 FB1 + 0.4 DON + 0.1 ZEA), T4 (9 FB1 + 3.5 DON + 0.7 ZEA), T5 (17 FB1 + 1.0 DON + 0.2 ZEA), and T6 (21 FB1 + 3.0 DON + 1.0 ZEA), all in mg/kg diet. On d14, there were no significant differences in the body weight gain (BWG) of mycotoxin treatment groups when compared to the control ( > 0.05), whereas on d21, T6 birds showed significantly reduced BWG compared to the control ( < 0.05). On d14, birds in T6 showed significant upregulation of liver miRNAs, gga-let-7a-5p (14.17-fold), gga-miR-9-5p (7.05-fold), gga-miR-217-5p (16.87-fold), gga-miR-133a-3p (7.41-fold), and gga-miR-215-5p (6.93-fold) ( < 0.05) and elevated serum fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-d) concentrations, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatine kinase (CK) levels compared to the control ( < 0.05). On d21, T2 to T6 birds exhibited reduced serum phosphorus, glucose, and potassium, while total protein, FITC-d, AST, and CK levels increased compared to control ( < 0.05). These findings suggest that serum FITC-d, AST, CK, and liver miRNAs could serve as biomarkers for detecting mycotoxin exposure in broiler chickens.
鉴定鸡体内霉菌毒素作用的生物标志物将为早期干预提供机会，以减少霉菌毒素中毒的影响。本研究旨在确定血清酶浓度、肠道完整性和肝脏微小RNA（miRNA）是否可作为肉仔鸡接触伏马菌素B1（FB1）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）毒性的潜在生物标志物，最早在接触后14天进行检测。总共720只雄性肉仔鸡被分为六个处理组：T1：对照组（基础日粮），T2（2毫克/千克FB1 + 2.5毫克/千克DON + 0.9毫克/千克ZEA），T3（5毫克/千克FB1 + 0.4毫克/千克DON + 0.1毫克/千克ZEA），T4（9毫克/千克FB1 + 3.5毫克/千克DON + 0.7毫克/千克ZEA），T5（17毫克/千克FB1 + 1.0毫克/千克DON + 0.2毫克/千克ZEA），以及T6（21毫克/千克FB1 + 3.0毫克/千克DON + 1.0毫克/千克ZEA），所有剂量均以毫克/千克日粮计。在第14天，与对照组相比，霉菌毒素处理组的体重增加（BWG）无显著差异（P>0.05），而在第21天，T6组的肉仔鸡与对照组相比体重增加显著降低（P<0.05）。在第14天，T6组的肉仔鸡肝脏miRNA，即gga-let-7a-5p（上调14.倍）、gga-miR-9-5p（上调7.05倍）、gga-miR-（上调16.87倍）、gga-miR-133a-3p（上调7.41倍）和gga-miR-215-5p（上调6.93倍）显著上调（P<0.05），且血清异硫氰酸荧光素-葡聚糖（FITC-d）浓度、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）和肌酸激酶（CK）水平与对照组相比升高（P<0.05）。在第21天，T2至T6组的肉仔鸡血清磷、葡萄糖和钾含量降低，而总蛋白、FITC-d、AST和CK水平与对照组相比升高（P<0.05）。这些发现表明，血清FITC-d、AST、CK和肝脏miRNA可作为检测肉仔鸡霉菌毒素暴露的生物标志物。
