Shanmugasundaram R, Adams D, Ramirez S, Murugesan G R, Applegate T J, Cunningham S, Pokoo-Aikins A, Glenn A E
Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, GA, United States.
Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
Front Physiol. 2022 Jul 22;13:934660. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.934660. eCollection 2022.
Fumonisins (FB) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are mycotoxins which may predispose broiler chickens to necrotic enteritis (NE). The objective of this study was to identify the effects of subclinical doses of combined FB and DON on NE. A total of 480 day-old male broiler chicks were divided into four treatment groups; 1) control group (basal diet + ); 2) necrotic enteritis group (basal diet + ); 3) FB + DON group (basal diet + 3 mg/kg FB + 4 mg/kg DON + ); and 4) FB + DON + NE group (basal diet + 3 mg/kg FB + 4 mg/kg DON + ). Birds in NE and FB + DON + NE groups received 2.5 × 10 on day 14. All birds were inoculated with on days 19, 20, and 21. On day 35, birds in the NE, FB + DON, and FB + DON + NE groups had 242, 84, and 339 g lower BWG and a 19-, 2-, and 22-point increase in FCR respectively, than in the control group. Subclinical doses of FB + DON increased ( < 0.05) the NE lesion scores compared to the control group on day 21. On day 21, birds in the NE, FB + DON, and FB + DON + NE groups had increased ( < 0.05) serum FITC-D, lower ( < 0.05) jejunal tight junction protein mRNA, and increased ( < 0.05) cecal tonsil IL-1 mRNA compared to control group. On day 21, birds in the NE group had decreased ( < 0.05) villi height to crypt depth ratio compared to the control group and the presence of FB + DON in NE-induced birds further decreased the villi height to crypt depth ratio. Birds in the NE, FB + DON, and FB + DON + NE groups had increased ( < 0.05) , lower ( < 0.05) loads in the cecal content, and a lower ( < 0.05) CD8: CD4 cell ratio in the cecal tonsils compared to the control group. It can be concluded that subclinical doses of combined FB and DON predispose inoculated birds to NE, and the presence of FB + DON in NE-induced birds exacerbated the severity of NE.
伏马毒素（FB）和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是可能使肉鸡易患坏死性肠炎（NE）的霉菌毒素。本研究的目的是确定亚临床剂量的FB和DON联合使用对坏死性肠炎的影响。总共480只1日龄雄性肉鸡被分为四个处理组；1）对照组（基础日粮 + ）；2）坏死性肠炎组（基础日粮 + ）；3）FB + DON组（基础日粮 + 3毫克/千克FB + 4毫克/千克DON + ）；4）FB + DON + NE组（基础日粮 + 3毫克/千克FB + 4毫克/千克DON + ）。NE组和FB + DON + NE组的鸡在第14天接受2.5×10 。所有鸡在第19、20和21天接种 。在第35天，NE组、FB + DON组和FB + DON + NE组的鸡的体重增长（BWG）分别比对照组低242克、84克和339克，饲料转化率（FCR）分别提高了19个点、2个点和22个点。与对照组相比，亚临床剂量的FB + DON在第21天增加了（P < 0.05）坏死性肠炎病变评分。在第21天，与对照组相比，NE组、FB + DON组和FB + DON + NE组的鸡血清异硫氰酸荧光素 - D（FITC - D）升高（P < 0.05），空肠紧密连接蛋白mRNA降低（P < 0.05），盲肠扁桃体白细胞介素 - 1（IL - 1）mRNA升高（P < 0.05）。在第21天，与对照组相比，NE组的鸡绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比降低（P < 0.05），并且在坏死性肠炎诱导的鸡中添加FB + DON进一步降低了绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比。与对照组相比，NE组、FB + DON组和FB + DON + NE组的鸡盲肠内容物中 升高（P < 0.05）， 负荷降低（P < 0.05），盲肠扁桃体中CD8:CD4细胞比例降低（P < 0.05）。可以得出结论，亚临床剂量的FB和DON联合使用使接种的鸡易患坏死性肠炎，并且在坏死性肠炎诱导的鸡中添加FB + DON会加剧坏死性肠炎的严重程度。
