Köster Philipp, He Gefeng, Liu Changyun, Dong Qiuyan, Hake Katarina, Schmitz-Thom Ina, Heinkow Paulina, Eirich Jürgen, Wallrad Lukas, Hashimoto Kenji, Schültke Stefanie, Finkemeier Iris, Romeis Tina, Kudla Jörg
Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany.
Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Sci Adv. 2025 Jan 24;11(4):eadt9804. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adt9804.
Systemic signaling is an essential hallmark of multicellular life. Pathogen encounter occurs locally but triggers organ-scale and organismic immune responses. In plants, elicitor perception provokes systemically expanding Ca and HO signals conferring immunity. Here, we identify a Ca sensing bi-kinase module as becoming super-activated through mutual phosphorylation and as imposing synergistically enhanced NADPH oxidase activation. A combined two-layer bi-kinase/substrate phospho-code allows for sensitized signaling initiation already by near-resting elevations of Ca concentration. Subsequently, it facilitates further signal wave proliferation with minimal Ca amplitude requirement, triggering protective defense responses throughout the plant. Our study reveals how plants build and perpetuate trans-cellular immune signal proliferation while avoiding disturbance of ongoing cellular signaling along the path of response dissemination.
系统信号传导是多细胞生物的一个基本特征。病原体接触发生在局部，但会触发器官尺度和机体的免疫反应。在植物中，激发子感知引发系统性扩展的钙（Ca）和过氧化氢（HO）信号，从而赋予免疫力。在这里，我们鉴定出一个钙传感双激酶模块，它通过相互磷酸化而被超级激活，并协同增强NADPH氧化酶的激活。一个组合的双层双激酶/底物磷酸密码允许在钙浓度接近静止升高时就启动敏感信号。随后，它以最小的钙幅度需求促进进一步的信号波增殖，触发整个植物的保护性防御反应。我们的研究揭示了植物如何建立并维持跨细胞免疫信号增殖，同时避免在反应传播路径上干扰正在进行的细胞信号传导。
