Occurrence and cross contamination of Escherichia albertii in retail chicken outlets in Bangladesh.

Escherichia albertii is an emerging zoonotic pathogen linked to human gastrointestinal illnesses, with poultry meats being considered as a key source of human infections. However, there is little information regarding the distribution and characteristics of this bacterium in Bangladesh. This study investigated the occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence of E. albertii in chicken meats from retail outlets in Bangladesh. We collected samples from 61 dressed chickens across 17 retail shops from 4 upazilas, along with swabs from cloaca, processing utensils, and worker hands. Detection of E. albertii by species-specific PCR revealed substantial occurrence of E. albertii in retail chicken meat (63.9 %), cloaca (71.4 %), human hand (45.5 %), bleeding cone (13.3 %) and blade (10 %). Almost all the E. albertii isolates (94.4 %) exhibited resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobials, among which 50 % were multidrug resistant, including resistance to clinically relevant antimicrobials such as tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Whole genome sequencing analysis identified the presence of corresponding antimicrobial resistance genes and critical virulence genes (eae, Eacdt). Notably, although wgSNP-based phylogenetic analysis showed the genomic diversity of the isolates, some of the isolates from the same shop displayed clonal relationships among meats, cloacal swabs, and human hand swabs, indicating contamination during processing. These findings highlight the public health risk posed by E. albertii in retail poultry, underlining the poultry's role as a potential vector for zoonotic transmission and the need for improved biosecurity and antimicrobial management practices in poultry production.