Ji Liqin, Shangguan Yisen, Chen Chen, Wei Chengqing, Zhu Junxian, Hong Xiaoyou, Liu Xiaoli, Zhu Xinping, Li Wei
Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resources Application and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510380, China.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2025 Jan 20;14(1):112. doi: 10.3390/antiox14010112.
To investigate the effect of tannic acid (TA) on the growth, disease resistance, and intestinal health of Chinese soft-shelled turtles, individual turtles were fed with 0 g/kg (CG), 0.5 g/kg, 1 g/kg, 2 g/kg, and 4 g/kg TA diets for 98 days. Afterwards, the turtles' disease resistance was tested using . The results showed that 0.5-4 g/kg of dietary TA increased the growth performance and feed utilization ( < 0.05), with 2.38 g/kg being the optimal level for the specific growth rate (SGR). The addition of 0.5-4 g/kg of TA in diets increased the mucosal fold height and submucosa thickness of the small intestine, which reached a maximum of 2 g/kg. The addition of 0.5-2 g/kg of TA effectively reduced the cumulative mortality that had been induced by , with the 2 g/kg dosage leading to the lowest mortality. Additionally, 1-4 g/kg of TA improved the T-SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities during infection, while 2 g/kg of dietary TA enhanced the richness and diversity of the microbiota, for example, by increasing Actinobacteria but inhibiting Firmicutes. The transcriptome demonstrated that the predominant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in TA2 were mainly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway (, , , , , and ); in glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism (, , and ); and in steroid biosynthesis (, , , and ). The main differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) that were discovered by means of metabolome analysis included cholylhistidine, calcipotriol, 13-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 12-acetate, and hexahomomethionine in CG vs. TA2. Integrative analyses of two omics revealed that 2 g/kg of TA mitigated inflammation by activating the PPAR signaling pathway and regulating the lipid metabolism via multiple pathways, such as steroid biosynthesis and α-linolenic acid metabolism. In general, the inclusion of 2 g/kg of TA in turtle diets can optimally promote growth and bacterial resistance by maintaining intestinal health and improving antioxidant capacity.
为研究单宁酸（TA）对中华鳖生长、抗病力及肠道健康的影响，将个体中华鳖投喂含0 g/kg（对照）、0.5 g/kg、1 g/kg、2 g/kg和4 g/kg TA的饲料98天。之后，用……检测鳖的抗病力。结果表明，日粮中添加0.5 - 4 g/kg的TA可提高生长性能和饲料利用率（P < 0.05），特定生长率（SGR）的最佳添加水平为2.38 g/kg。日粮中添加0.5 - 4 g/kg的TA可增加小肠黏膜褶皱高度和黏膜下层厚度，在2 g/kg时达到最大值。添加0.5 - 2 g/kg的TA可有效降低由……诱导的累计死亡率，2 g/kg剂量时死亡率最低。此外，1 - 4 g/kg的TA可提高感染期间的T - SOD、CAT和GSH - Px活性，而日粮中添加2 g/kg的TA可增强微生物群的丰富度和多样性，例如通过增加放线菌但抑制厚壁菌门来实现。转录组分析表明，TA2组中主要的差异表达基因（DEG）主要富集在PPAR信号通路（……）、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢（……）以及类固醇生物合成（……）中。代谢组分析发现的主要差异表达代谢物（DEM）包括对照与TA2组中的胆酰组氨酸、骨化三醇、13 - O - 十四烷酰佛波醇12 - 乙酸酯和六高蛋氨酸。两个组学的综合分析表明，2 g/kg的TA通过激活PPAR信号通路并通过多种途径（如类固醇生物合成和α - 亚麻酸代谢）调节脂质代谢来减轻炎症。总体而言，鳖日粮中添加2 g/kg的TA可通过维持肠道健康和提高抗氧化能力来最佳地促进生长和增强抗菌能力。
