He Mengmeng, Yamanaka Yasuhiro, Takamatsu Kazuya
Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024 Dec 24;22(1):5. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22010005.
The percentage of older drivers is increasing worldwide. Older adults are driving for their daily lives, including drivers who should not drive, "must-watch drivers", for health conditions, etc. The "Public Survey of Long-Term Care Prevention and Needs in Spheres of Daily Life (Needs Survey)", including the " Checklist (KCL)", is a triennial nationwide survey conducted by welfare administrations in Japan. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that the Needs Survey can capture situations (e.g., driving avoidance) of older drivers obtained by previous studies, many of which are one-time surveys. As for our methods, we administered a survey with a format of questions used in previous studies combined with KCL to all older adults in Tsurui Village, a rural community in Japan, obtained 393 responses, around half of them, and conducted a logistic regression analysis to estimate whether they were driving or not and a multiple regression analysis for the frequency of driving avoidance. The former analysis showed that KCL could detect must-watch drivers with relatively deteriorated health among not-so-old adults, adding to another one with relatively not-so-bad health among much older adults, and the latter analysis showed that the KCL scores could be an alternative to the self-rating of driving ability used in previous studies. In conclusion, KCL in the Needs Survey is recommended to be a valuable survey for regularly assessing the driving conditions of older drivers nationwide.
全球老年驾驶员的比例正在上升。老年人开车用于日常生活，包括一些因健康状况等因素本不应开车的“重点关注驾驶员”。包括“检查表（东京慈惠会医科大学）”在内的“日常生活领域长期护理预防与需求公众调查（需求调查）”是日本福利管理部门每三年进行一次的全国性调查。本研究的目的是证明需求调查能够捕捉到以往研究中所发现的老年驾驶员的情况（例如避免开车），以往研究大多是一次性调查。至于我们的方法，我们采用了以往研究中使用的问题形式并结合检查表，对日本农村社区鹤居村的所有老年人进行了调查，共获得393份回复，约占一半，然后进行了逻辑回归分析以估计他们是否开车，并对避免开车的频率进行了多元回归分析。前一项分析表明，检查表能够在年龄相对较小、健康状况相对较差的成年人中检测出重点关注驾驶员，同时也能在年龄较大、健康状况相对较好的成年人中检测出重点关注驾驶员，而后一项分析表明，检查表得分可以替代以往研究中使用的驾驶能力自评。总之，建议需求调查中的检查表成为一项有价值的调查，用于定期评估全国老年驾驶员的驾驶状况。
