Global Obesity Centre, Institute for Health Transformation, School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia.
BMC Public Health. 2022 Aug 10;22(1):1521. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13808-3.
To describe changes over time in dietary risk factor prevalence and non-communicable disease in Pacific Island Countries (PICTs).
Secondary analysis of data from 21,433 adults aged 25-69, who participated in nationally representative World Health Organization STEPs surveys in 8 Pacific Island Countries and Territories between 2002 and 2019. Outcomes of interest were changes in consumption of fruit and vegetables, hypertension, overweight and obesity, and hypercholesterolaemia over time. Also, salt intake and sugar sweetened beverage consumption for those countries that measured these.
Over time, the proportion of adults consuming less than five serves of fruit and vegetables per day decreased in five countries, notably Tonga. From the most recent surveys, average daily intake of sugary drinks was high in Kiribati (3.7 serves), Nauru (4.1) and Tokelau (4.0) and low in the Solomon Islands (0.4). Average daily salt intake was twice that recommended by WHO in Tokelau (10.1 g) and Wallis and Futuna (10.2 g). Prevalence of overweight/obesity did not change over time in most countries but increased in Fiji and Tokelau. Hypertension prevalence increased in 6 of 8 countries. The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia decreased in the Cook Islands and Kiribati and increased in the Solomon Islands and Tokelau.
While some Pacific countries experienced reductions in diet related NCD risk factors over time, most did not. Most Pacific adults (88%) do not consume enough fruit and vegetables, 82% live with overweight or obesity, 33% live with hypertension and 40% live with hypercholesterolaemia. Population-wide approaches to promote fruit and vegetable consumption and reduce sugar, salt and fat intake need strengthening.
描述太平洋岛国（PICT）饮食风险因素流行率和非传染性疾病随时间的变化。
对来自 21433 名 25-69 岁成年人的数据进行二次分析，这些成年人参加了 2002 年至 2019 年期间在 8 个太平洋岛国和地区进行的具有代表性的世界卫生组织 STEPs 调查。感兴趣的结果是随着时间的推移，水果和蔬菜的摄入量、高血压、超重和肥胖以及高胆固醇血症的变化。此外，对于那些测量这些指标的国家，还测量了盐摄入量和含糖饮料的摄入量。
随着时间的推移，五个国家成年人每天食用少于五份水果和蔬菜的比例下降，尤其是汤加。根据最近的调查，基里巴斯（3.7 份）、瑙鲁（4.1 份）和托克劳（4.0 份）成年人平均每天饮用含糖饮料的量较高，而所罗门群岛（0.4 份）较低。托克劳（10.1g）和瓦利斯和富图纳（10.2g）的平均每日盐摄入量是世界卫生组织推荐量的两倍。大多数国家的超重/肥胖患病率没有随时间变化，但斐济和托克劳的患病率有所增加。8 个国家中有 6 个国家的高血压患病率增加。库克群岛和基里巴斯的高胆固醇血症患病率下降，而所罗门群岛和托克劳的患病率上升。
虽然一些太平洋国家随着时间的推移减少了与饮食相关的非传染性疾病风险因素，但大多数国家没有。大多数太平洋成年人（88%）没有摄入足够的水果和蔬菜，82%的人超重或肥胖，33%的人患有高血压，40%的人患有高胆固醇血症。需要加强促进水果和蔬菜消费以及减少糖、盐和脂肪摄入的全民措施。
