Vichitkunakorn Polathep, Bunyanukul Warintorn, Apiwan Kanarit, Tanasanchonnakul Detphop, Sittisombut Monsicha
Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
Glob Health Action. 2025 Dec;18(1):2485689. doi: 10.1080/16549716.2025.2485689. Epub 2025 May 22.
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major contributors to mortality and disease burden; however, evidence regarding NCD risk factors, particularly socioeconomic factors, remains limited.
We investigated the prevalence of five key behavioural risk factors for NCDs (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, and overweight/obesity) within the Thai population and the influence of economic status on these risk factors.
We gathered secondary data from the 2021 health Behaviour of Population Survey. Data were derived from a stratified, nationally representative household survey using two-stage sampling. Economic status was categorised into very low, low, middle, high, and very high levels.
Among the 207,191 participants (weighted to represent 26,600,947 participants), the most prevalent NCD risk factor was an unhealthy diet (56.93%), followed by overweight/obesity (50.03%), physical inactivity (42.70%), alcohol consumption (29.73%), and smoking (16.61%). Higher economic levels were associated with increased odds of alcohol consumption (e.g. adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.25 for high) and an unhealthy diet (AOR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.15-1.38 for very high), while smoking odds decreased (AOR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.59-0.77 for very high). Physical inactivity exhibited a U-shaped association, and overweight/obesity slightly increased at the highest economic levels (AOR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.01-1.21).
Unhealthy dietary patterns and overweight/obesity were the most prevalent NCD risk factors. Smoking was the least prevalent. Tailored, evidence-based interventions targeting specific economic groups are needed to effectively reduce NCD risk factors and promote health equity.
非传染性疾病（NCDs）是导致死亡和疾病负担的主要因素；然而，关于非传染性疾病风险因素，特别是社会经济因素的证据仍然有限。
我们调查了泰国人群中五种主要的非传染性疾病行为风险因素（吸烟、饮酒、缺乏身体活动、不健康饮食和超重/肥胖）的流行情况以及经济状况对这些风险因素的影响。
我们收集了2021年人群健康行为调查的二手数据。数据来自一项采用两阶段抽样的分层全国代表性家庭调查。经济状况分为极低、低、中、高和极高五个水平。
在207,191名参与者（加权后代表26,600,947名参与者）中，最普遍的非传染性疾病风险因素是不健康饮食（56.93%），其次是超重/肥胖（50.03%）、缺乏身体活动（42.70%）、饮酒（29.73%）和吸烟（16.61%）。较高的经济水平与饮酒几率增加（例如，高经济水平的调整优势比[AOR]=1.13，95%置信区间：1.03-1.25）和不健康饮食几率增加（极高经济水平的AOR=1.26，95%置信区间：1.15-1.38）相关，而吸烟几率降低（极高经济水平的AOR=0.67，95%置信区间：0.59-0.77）。缺乏身体活动呈现出U形关联，超重/肥胖在最高经济水平时略有增加（AOR=1.10，95%置信区间：1.01-1.21）。
不健康的饮食模式和超重/肥胖是最普遍的非传染性疾病风险因素。吸烟是最不普遍的。需要针对特定经济群体制定基于证据的干预措施，以有效降低非传染性疾病风险因素并促进健康公平。
