The Identification of Auxin Response Factors and Expression Analyses of Different Floral Development Stages in Roses.

() are important in plant growth and development, especially flower development. However, there is limited research on the comprehensive identification and characterization of genes in roses. We employed bioinformatics tools to identify the genes of roses. These genes were characterized for their phylogenetic relationships, chromosomal positions, conserved motifs, gene structures, and expression patterns. In this study, a total of 17 genes were identified in the genomes of 'OB', 'CH', , and . Based on RNA-seq analyses, we found that the genes had diverse transcript patterns in various tissues and cultivars. In 'CH', the expression levels of during different flower-development stages were classified into four clusters. In cluster 3 and cluster 4, were specifically high and low in different stages of floral evocation. Gene expression and phylogenetic analyses showed that , , and were likely to be the key genes for rose flower development. Conclusions: The identification and characterization of genes in were investigated. The results presented here provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanisms of genes in plant development and flowering for roses, with a broader application for other species in the rose family and for the development of novel cultivars.