Finazzi Margherita, Bovio Federica, Forcella Matilde, Lasagni Marina, Fusi Paola, Di Gennaro Patrizia
Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2025 Jan 17;13(1):192. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13010192.
Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) affects the aging process and increases the likelihood of several diseases. A new frontier in its prevention includes bioactive foods and natural extracts that can be introduced by the diet in combination with specific probiotics. Among the natural compounds that we can introduce by the diet, extract is one of the most utilized since it contains a vast number of bioactive molecules such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and polysaccharides that have been shown to possess antioxidant, anti-ageing, anti-cancer, and immunomodulatory activity. In this work, the ability of a extract in combination with a probiotic formulation was taken into consideration to evaluate its effects on the modulation of reconstructed human gut microbiota (HGM). After evaluating the growth of the individual strains on the ginseng extract, we tested the reconstructed HGM setup (probiotics, minimal core, and whole community) using 2% / ginseng as the only carbon and energy source. The probiotic strains reached the highest growth, while the minimal core and the whole community showed almost the same growth. Specifically, the presence of the ginseng extract favors and subsp. among the probiotics, while prevails over the other strains in the minimal core condition. In the presence of both probiotics and minimal core strains, , subsp. , and reach the highest growth values. The bacterial metabolites produced during ginseng extract fermentation in the three conditions were administered to human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) to investigate a potential antioxidant effect. Remarkably, our results highlighted a significant reduction in the total ROS and a slightly reduction in the cytosolic superoxide anion content in HT-29 cells treated with bacterial metabolites deriving from ginseng extract fermentation by the whole community.
由活性氧（ROS）引起的氧化应激会影响衰老过程，并增加多种疾病的发生可能性。其预防的一个新领域包括生物活性食品和天然提取物，这些可以通过饮食与特定益生菌联合引入。在我们可以通过饮食引入的天然化合物中，提取物是最常用的之一，因为它含有大量生物活性分子，如酚酸、黄酮类化合物和多糖，已被证明具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗癌和免疫调节活性。在这项工作中，考虑了一种提取物与益生菌制剂联合使用的能力，以评估其对重建的人类肠道微生物群（HGM）的调节作用。在评估人参提取物上各个菌株的生长情况后，我们使用2%人参作为唯一碳源和能源，测试了重建的HGM设置（益生菌、最小核心菌群和整个群落）。益生菌菌株达到了最高生长量，而最小核心菌群和整个群落的生长情况几乎相同。具体而言，人参提取物的存在有利于益生菌中的[具体菌种1]和[具体菌种2]亚种，而在最小核心菌群条件下[具体菌种3]比其他菌株占优势。在同时存在益生菌和最小核心菌群菌株的情况下，[具体菌种1]、[具体菌种2]亚种和[具体菌种4]达到了最高生长值。将三种条件下人参提取物发酵过程中产生的细菌代谢产物施用于人肠上皮细胞（HT - 29），以研究其潜在的抗氧化作用。值得注意的是，我们的结果表明，用整个群落发酵人参提取物产生的细菌代谢产物处理的HT - 29细胞中，总ROS显著降低，胞质超氧阴离子含量略有降低。
