Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8574, Japan.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 24;14(1):70. doi: 10.3390/nu14010070.
Dietary supplements are widely used as a nutritional strategy to improve and maintain performance and achieve faster recovery in sports and exercise. Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is caused by mechanical stress and subsequent inflammatory responses including reactive oxygen species and cytokine production. Therefore, dietary supplements with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have the potential to prevent and reduce muscle damage and symptoms characterized by loss of muscle strength and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). However, only a few supplements are considered to be effective at present. This review focuses on the effects of dietary supplements derived from phytochemicals and listed in the International Olympic Committee consensus statement on muscle damage evaluated by blood myofiber damage markers, muscle soreness, performance, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. In this review, the effects of dietary supplements are also discussed in terms of study design (i.e., parallel and crossover studies), exercise model, and such subject characteristics as physical fitness level. Future perspectives and considerations for the use of dietary supplements to alleviate EIMD and DOMS are also discussed.
膳食补充剂被广泛用作一种营养策略，以提高和保持运动表现，并实现更快的恢复。运动引起的肌肉损伤（EIMD）是由机械应激和随后的炎症反应引起的，包括活性氧和细胞因子的产生。因此，具有抗炎和抗氧化特性的膳食补充剂有可能预防和减少肌肉损伤以及以肌肉力量丧失和迟发性肌肉酸痛（DOMS）为特征的症状。然而，目前只有少数几种补充剂被认为是有效的。本综述重点关注源自植物化学物质的膳食补充剂的作用，这些补充剂被列入国际奥委会关于肌肉损伤的共识声明中，通过血液肌纤维损伤标志物、肌肉酸痛、运动表现以及炎症和氧化应激标志物来评估。在本综述中，还根据研究设计（即平行和交叉研究）、运动模型以及身体素质水平等受试者特征讨论了膳食补充剂的作用。还讨论了使用膳食补充剂来缓解 EIMD 和 DOMS 的未来展望和考虑因素。
