Knoll Aleš, Šotek Martin, Prouza Jan, Langová Lucie, Přidal Antonín, Urban Tomáš
Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Animal Breeding, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemědělská 1, 613 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Insects. 2025 Jan 9;16(1):55. doi: 10.3390/insects16010055.
To date, no study has been conducted to investigate the diversity in honeybee populations of in the Czech Republic. Between 2022 and 2023, worker bees were collected from colonies distributed throughout the Czech Republic in 77 districts, and their genetic differences were examined using 22 microsatellite loci. The samples were obtained from hives ( = 3647) and through the process of capture on flowers ( = 553). Genetic diversity parameters were assessed for both populations in all 77 districts. The findings demonstrated that honeybee populations exhibit moderate genetic diversity, as evidenced by the number of observed alleles, the Shannon index, and heterozygosity values. There was no discrepancy in diversity between hive and flower samples. Diversity characteristics were determined: mean observed heterozygosity 0.55 (hives) and 0.56 (flowers), and fixation index 0.58 for both populations. The average number of alleles per locus was 13.77 and 11.18 from hives and flowers, respectively. The low and values (they measured the level of genetic differentiation between populations and the level of inbreeding, respectively) suggest the absence or minimal genetic diversity within and among studied populations. The genetic variation was calculated as 2% and 1% between populations, 8% and 6% between individuals within populations, and 91% and 93% between all individuals in samples from hives and flowers, respectively. Cluster and DAPC (discriminant analysis principal component) analysis classified the bee samples collected from across the country into three and five to six distinguishable groups, respectively. The honeybee population in the Czech Republic displays sufficient diversity and a partial structure. However, there appears to be no correlation between the genetic groups and the geographic regions to which they are assigned.
迄今为止，尚未开展任何研究来调查捷克共和国蜜蜂种群的多样性。在2022年至2023年期间，从捷克共和国77个地区分布的蜂群中采集工蜂，并使用22个微卫星位点检查它们的遗传差异。样本从蜂巢（n = 3647）中获取，并通过在花朵上捕获的过程（n = 553）获得。对所有77个地区的两个种群的遗传多样性参数进行了评估。研究结果表明，蜜蜂种群表现出中等程度的遗传多样性，观察到的等位基因数量、香农指数和杂合度值证明了这一点。蜂巢样本和花朵样本之间的多样性没有差异。确定了多样性特征：平均观察到的杂合度，蜂巢样本为0.55，花朵样本为0.56，两个种群的固定指数均为0.58。每个位点的平均等位基因数量，蜂巢样本为13.77，花朵样本为11.18。低的Fst和Fis值（它们分别测量种群之间的遗传分化水平和近亲繁殖水平）表明在研究的种群内部和种群之间不存在或仅有极少的遗传多样性。种群之间的遗传变异计算为2%和1%，种群内个体之间为8%和6%，蜂巢和花朵样本中所有个体之间分别为9l%和93%。聚类分析和判别分析主成分分析（DAPC）分别将从全国各地采集的蜜蜂样本分为三个和五到六个可区分的组。捷克共和国的蜜蜂种群表现出足够的多样性和部分结构。然而，遗传群体与其所属的地理区域之间似乎没有相关性。
