Li Fengjiao, Jiang Guoyi, Chen Fei, Yuan Weibin
Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310012, China.
Department of Civil Engineering and Smart Cities, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
Life (Basel). 2024 Dec 30;15(1):28. doi: 10.3390/life15010028.
The transmission of virus-containing droplets among multiple people in an outdoor environment is seldom evaluated. In this study, an Euler-Lagrange computational fluid dynamics approach was used to investigate the effects of evaporation and the body thermal plume on the dispersion of coughed droplets under various wind conditions, and the infection risk was evaluated for various arrangements of individuals queuing outdoors using virtual manikin models. The evaporation time was longer for larger droplets and in a more humid environment. Transient evaporation strongly affected the motion of droplets ranging in diameter from 60 to 150 μm. The body thermal plume affected airflow and particle dispersion under weak wind conditions, but its effect was negligible at wind speeds greater than 0.8 m/s. Droplets smaller than 100 μm could reach the head of a susceptible person, suggesting a high exposure risk. The exposure fraction and body deposition were highest in an all-male queue sequence and lowest for a male-female-male-female-male queue sequence.
室外环境中含病毒飞沫在多人之间的传播很少被评估。在本研究中，采用欧拉-拉格朗日计算流体动力学方法，研究了蒸发和人体热羽流在不同风况下对咳嗽飞沫扩散的影响，并使用虚拟人体模型评估了室外排队人群不同排列方式下的感染风险。较大飞沫以及在湿度较高环境中的蒸发时间更长。瞬态蒸发对直径60至150μm的飞沫运动有强烈影响。人体热羽流在弱风条件下影响气流和颗粒物扩散，但在风速大于0.8m/s时其影响可忽略不计。小于100μm的飞沫可到达易感者头部，表明暴露风险较高。全男性排队序列中的暴露分数和人体沉积最高，而男女男女男排队序列中的暴露分数和人体沉积最低。
