Kamergrauzis Andris, Pilmane Mara, Junga Anna
Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia.
Life (Basel). 2025 Jan 13;15(1):86. doi: 10.3390/life15010086.
Numerous studies have shown the presence of multiple defence factors in placental tissue, although their role is partially understood; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB); human beta-defensin 2, 3, and 4 (HBD-2,3,4); cathelicidine (LL-37); heat shock protein 60 (HSP60); and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in dissimilar gestational week placental tissue and display correlations between immunoreactive cells.
A total of 15 human placental tissue samples were acquired from mothers with different gestational weeks: 28, 31, and 40. Routine staining and immunohistochemistry for the samples were executed. The evaluation of data was performed with semi-quantitative methods, and, for statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test was used. Spearman's rank correlation was used for calculating correlations.
NF-κB, HBD- 2,3,4, HSP60, and IL-10 expression were discovered in every examined placental tissue cell type. LL-37 expression was found only in Hofbauer cells. A rise in expression with higher gestational weeks was noted in LL-37-positive Hofbauer cells ( = 0.03), HBD-3-positive cytotrophoblasts ( = 0.007), endothelial cells ( = 0.024), extraembryonic mesodermal cells ( = 0.004), and HBD-4-positive endothelial cells ( = 0.001). Numerous statistically significant moderate and strong positive correlations between defence factors were discovered.
The persistence of Hofbauer cell accumulations underlines the growing significance of placental macrophages in placental protection. The expression of positive defence factors and a rise in expression in tissue protection factors (HBD-3, LL-37, HBD-4) in higher gestational weeks may indicate these factors as the most significant protectors of the placenta in ontogenetic aspects. The high number of statistically significant positive and negative correlations between positive cells show a strong network to sustain distressed placental growth and therefore pregnancy.
众多研究已表明胎盘组织中存在多种防御因子，尽管其作用仅得到部分了解；因此，本研究的目的是评估核因子-κB（NF-κB）、人β-防御素2、3和4（HBD-2、3、4）、杀菌肽（LL-37）、热休克蛋白60（HSP60）和白细胞介素10（IL-10）在不同孕周胎盘组织中的表达，并展示免疫反应性细胞之间的相关性。
从不同孕周（28周、31周和40周）的母亲处获取了总共15份人胎盘组织样本。对样本进行了常规染色和免疫组织化学检测。采用半定量方法进行数据评估，并使用Kruskal-Wallis检验进行统计分析。采用Spearman等级相关性分析来计算相关性。
在每种检测的胎盘组织细胞类型中均发现了NF-κB、HBD-2、3、4、HSP60和IL-10的表达。仅在霍夫鲍尔细胞中发现了LL-37的表达。在LL-37阳性的霍夫鲍尔细胞（P = 0.03）、HBD-3阳性的细胞滋养层细胞（P = 0.007）、内皮细胞（P = 0.024）、胚外中胚层细胞（P = 0.004）和HBD-4阳性的内皮细胞（P = 0.001）中，随着孕周增加表达升高。在防御因子之间发现了许多具有统计学意义的中度和强阳性相关性。
霍夫鲍尔细胞聚集的持续存在强调了胎盘巨噬细胞在胎盘保护中的重要性日益增加。在较高孕周时阳性防御因子的表达以及组织保护因子（HBD-3、LL-37、HBD-4）表达的增加可能表明这些因子在个体发育方面是胎盘最重要的保护者。阳性细胞之间大量具有统计学意义的正相关和负相关表明存在一个强大的网络来维持胎盘的不良生长，进而维持妊娠。
