Deņisova Arina, Pilmane Māra, Kažoka Dzintra
Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia.
Children (Basel). 2023 Jul 2;10(7):1162. doi: 10.3390/children10071162.
Cleft palate is one of the most common and well-studied congenital anomalies; however, the role of protective tissue factors in its pathophysiology is still debated. The aim of our study was to evaluate interleukin and antimicrobial peptide appearance and distribution in cleft palate. Eight soft palate samples were obtained during veloplasty procedures. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect HBD-2-, HBD-3-, HBD-4-, LL-37-, IL-10-, and CD-163-positive cells via light microscopy. For statistical evaluation, the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used. A significant difference between study groups was observed for HBD-2 and IL-10 in epithelial and connective tissue as well as HBD-4 in connective tissue. The number of HBD-3-positive cells was moderate in the patients, and few were observed in the controls. The number of LL-37-positive cells varied from a moderate amount to a numerous amount in both study groups, whilst CD-163 marked a moderate number of positive cells in patients, and a few-to-moderate amount was observed in the controls. Numerous correlations between studied factors were revealed in cleft tissues. The increase in antimicrobial peptides HBD-2 and HBD-4 and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 suggested a wide compensatory elevation of the local immune system against cleft-raised tissue changes. The correlations between the studied factors (HBD-2, HBD-3, HBD-4, LL-37, and IL-10) proved the synergistic involvement of common local defense factors in postnatal cleft palate morphopathogenesis.
腭裂是最常见且研究充分的先天性畸形之一；然而，保护性组织因子在其病理生理学中的作用仍存在争议。我们研究的目的是评估白细胞介素和抗菌肽在腭裂中的出现情况及分布。在腭成形术过程中获取了8个软腭样本。应用免疫组织化学染色通过光学显微镜检测HBD - 2、HBD - 3、HBD - 4、LL - 37、IL - 10和CD - 163阳性细胞。为进行统计学评估，使用了曼 - 惠特尼U检验和斯皮尔曼等级相关系数。在研究组之间，上皮组织和结缔组织中的HBD - 2和IL - 10以及结缔组织中的HBD - 4存在显著差异。患者中HBD - 3阳性细胞数量中等，而对照组中观察到的较少。两个研究组中LL - 37阳性细胞数量从中等数量到大量不等，而CD - 163在患者中标记出中等数量的阳性细胞，在对照组中观察到少量至中等数量。在腭裂组织中发现了所研究因素之间的众多相关性。抗菌肽HBD - 2和HBD - 4以及抗炎细胞因子IL - 10的增加表明局部免疫系统针对腭裂引起的组织变化有广泛的代偿性升高。所研究因素（HBD - 2、HBD - 3、HBD - 4、LL - 37和IL - 10）之间的相关性证明了常见局部防御因子在产后腭裂形态发病机制中的协同参与。
