Jiang Mei, Yao Jingjing, Guo Qiang, Yan Yueer, Tang Yi, Yang Yuliang
Institute for Preservation and Conservation of Chinese Ancient Books, Fudan University Library, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
Shanghai Institute of Quality Inspection and Technical Research, 900 Jiang Yue Road, Shanghai 201114, China.
Molecules. 2025 Jan 19;30(2):417. doi: 10.3390/molecules30020417.
Paper-based cultural relics experience aging and deterioration during their long-term preservation, which poses a serious threat to their lifetime. The development of conservation materials with high compatibility and low intervention has been expected to extend the lifetime of paper artifacts. As a new type of biological macromolecule, nanocellulose has been extensively utilized in paper conservation, attributed to its excellent paper compatibility, high optical transparency, outstanding mechanical strength, and large specific surface area with abundant hydroxyl groups. This review systematically summarizes the latest development of three kinds of nanocellulose (cellulose nanofibril, cellulose nanocrystal, and bacterial nanocellulose) and their composites used for the multifunctional conservation of paper relics. Owing to the strong hydrogen bond interactions between hydroxyls of nanocellulose and paper fibers, nanocellulose can effectively consolidate paper without adding adhesives. The composite of nanocellulose with other functional materials greatly expands its application scope, and the superior performance has been emphasized in paper deacidification, consolidation, antimicrobial effect, antioxidation, UV resistance, self-cleaning, promotion of printing property, reduction in air permeability, and flame retardancy. The application characteristics and future prospects of nanocellulose composites are highlighted in the conservation of paper-based cultural relics.
纸质文物在长期保存过程中会经历老化和损坏，这对其寿命构成严重威胁。人们期望开发出具有高兼容性和低干预性的保护材料来延长纸质文物的寿命。作为一种新型生物大分子，纳米纤维素因其优异的纸张兼容性、高光学透明度、出色的机械强度以及具有丰富羟基的大比表面积，已被广泛应用于纸张保护。本文综述系统总结了三种纳米纤维素（纤维素纳米纤维、纤维素纳米晶体和细菌纳米纤维素）及其复合材料在纸质文物多功能保护方面的最新进展。由于纳米纤维素的羟基与纸纤维之间存在强氢键相互作用，纳米纤维素无需添加粘合剂就能有效加固纸张。纳米纤维素与其他功能材料的复合材料极大地扩展了其应用范围，并且在纸张脱酸、加固、抗菌效果、抗氧化、抗紫外线、自清洁、改善印刷性能、降低透气性和阻燃性等方面展现出卓越性能。纳米纤维素复合材料在纸质文物保护中的应用特点和未来前景得到了重点阐述。
