Thomas Paul, Duolikun Tuerxun, Rumjit Nelson Pynadathu, Moosavi Seyedehmaryam, Lai Chin Wei, Bin Johan Mohd Rafie, Fen Leo Bey
Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya (UM), Level 3, Block A, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), University of Malaya (UM), Level 3, Block A, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2020 Oct;110:103884. doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103884. Epub 2020 May 28.
Cellulose constitutes most of a plant's cell wall, and it is the most abundant renewable polymer source on our planet. Given the hierarchical structure of cellulose, nanocellulose has gained considerable attention as a nano-reinforcement for polymer matrices in various industries (medical and healthcare, oil and gas, packaging, paper and board, composites, printed and flexible electronics, textiles, filtration, rheology modifiers, 3D printing, aerogels and coating films). Herein, nanocellulose is considered as a sustainable nanomaterial due to its substantial strength, low density, excellent mechanical performance and biocompatibility. Indeed, nanocellulose exists in several forms, including bacterial cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose and nanofibrillated cellulose, which results in biodegradable and environmentally friendly bionanocomposites with remarkably improved material properties. This paper reviews the recent advances in production, physicochemical properties, and structural characterization of nanocelluloses. It also summarises recent developments in several multifunctional applications of nanocellulose with an emphasis on bionanocomposite properties. Besides, various challenges associated with commercialisation and economic aspects of nanocellulose for current and future markets are also discussed inclusively.
纤维素构成了植物细胞壁的大部分，是地球上最丰富的可再生聚合物来源。鉴于纤维素的层级结构，纳米纤维素作为一种纳米增强剂，在各个行业（医疗保健、石油和天然气、包装、纸和纸板、复合材料、印刷和柔性电子、纺织品、过滤、流变改性剂、3D打印、气凝胶和涂膜）的聚合物基体中受到了广泛关注。在此，纳米纤维素因其高强度、低密度、优异的机械性能和生物相容性而被视为一种可持续的纳米材料。事实上，纳米纤维素有多种形式，包括细菌纤维素、纳米晶纤维素和纳米原纤化纤维素，这使得可生物降解且环境友好的生物纳米复合材料具有显著改善的材料性能。本文综述了纳米纤维素在生产、物理化学性质和结构表征方面的最新进展。它还总结了纳米纤维素在几个多功能应用方面的最新发展，重点是生物纳米复合材料的性能。此外，还全面讨论了纳米纤维素在当前和未来市场商业化及经济方面面临的各种挑战。
