Abdul-Razzak Jaqueline, Ionescu Mihaela, Diaconu Radu, Popescu Alexandru Dan, Niculescu Elena Carmen, Gafencu Mihai, Petrescu Ileana Octavia, Singer Cristina Elena, Anghelina Liliana, Gheonea Cristian
Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
Department of Pediatrics "Mother and Child", Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jan 9;14(2):356. doi: 10.3390/jcm14020356.
Asthmatic children who tested positive for COVID-19 experienced changes in lung function and persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection, even for several months after diagnosis, and with the same features as in an acute phase. This study aimed to analyze a pediatric age group (between 0 and 17 years old) diagnosed with asthma, and SARS-CoV-2 infection attending regular monitoring visits in a Pediatric Department of a Regional Tertiary Hospital (Filantropia Clinical Municipal Hospital Craiova, Romania) during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic time interval (i.e., March 2020-July 2024), and identify how the infection influenced their long-term symptoms and treatment. . The following variables were recorded: demographic data (gender, age group, residence), data related to allergies (allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies), the presence of exacerbations, the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, the ventilatory function, the asthma phenotype (allergic or non-allergic), as well as the GINA assessment of asthma control at clinical visits were analyzed. SARS-CoV-2 infections were evaluated in terms of year of infection, symptoms, cough presence and persistence, and modifications of the asthma treatment during and after COVID-19 disease. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS, using the Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, and Chi-Square tests. . A lower incidence of COVID-19 cases was recorded in the first pandemic of asthmatic patients (2020 and 2021), but an increase in the rate of cases was observed at the beginning of the second pandemic, in 2022. The nitric oxide values in asthmatic children who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 were statistically significantly increased ( < 0.0005), especially for children with persistent cough for more than 4 weeks. A significant increase in the number of exacerbations was also observed in patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection ( < 0.0005). Ventilatory function values were statistically significantly different in asthmatic children with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection ( < 0.05). . The persistence of cough after the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as the changes in ventilatory tests emphasize the need of periodic medical check-ups, as well as the implementation of a therapeutic regimen appropriate for each pediatric patient.
新冠病毒检测呈阳性的哮喘儿童在感染严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）后，肺功能出现变化且症状持续存在，即使在诊断后的几个月内也是如此，且具有与急性期相同的特征。本研究旨在分析一个儿科年龄组（0至17岁），这些儿童被诊断患有哮喘，并在新冠疫情期间及疫情后时间段（即2020年3月至2024年7月）在罗马尼亚克拉约瓦市慈善临床市立医院（一家地区三级医院的儿科）接受定期监测就诊，以确定感染如何影响他们的长期症状和治疗。记录了以下变量：人口统计学数据（性别、年龄组、居住地）、与过敏相关的数据（过敏性鼻炎、特应性皮炎和食物过敏）、病情加重情况、呼出一氧化氮分数、通气功能、哮喘表型（过敏性或非过敏性），以及在临床就诊时对哮喘控制的全球哮喘防治创议（GINA）评估。根据感染年份、症状、咳嗽的存在和持续时间以及新冠疾病期间和之后哮喘治疗的改变对SARS-CoV-2感染进行评估。使用SPSS对数据进行统计分析，采用曼-惠特尼U检验、克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯H检验和卡方检验。在哮喘患者的首次疫情期间（2020年和2021年）记录到较低的新冠病例发病率，但在2022年第二次疫情开始时观察到病例率有所上升。感染SARS-CoV-2的哮喘儿童的一氧化氮值在统计学上显著升高（<0.0005），尤其是对于持续咳嗽超过4周的儿童。在SARS-CoV-2感染检测呈阳性的患者中也观察到病情加重次数显著增加（<0.0005）。有SARS-CoV-2感染和无SARS-CoV-2感染的哮喘儿童的通气功能值在统计学上有显著差异（<0.05）。SARS-CoV-2感染急性期后咳嗽的持续以及通气测试的变化强调了定期体检的必要性，以及为每个儿科患者实施适当治疗方案的必要性。
