Chueangchayaphan Narong, Tarasin Manop, Phonjon Wimonwan, Chueangchayaphan Wannarat
Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Surat Thani 84000, Thailand.
Polymers (Basel). 2025 Jan 17;17(2):223. doi: 10.3390/polym17020223.
This research examines the possibility of palm oil and oil palm trunk biochar (OPTB) from pyrolysis effectively serving as alternative processing oils and fillers, substituting petroleum-based counterparts in natural rubber (NR) composites. Chemical, elemental, surface and morphological analyses were used to characterize both carbon black (CB) and OPTB, by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) gas porosimetry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The influences of OPTB contents from 0 to 100 parts per hundred rubber (phr) on thermal, dielectric, dynamic mechanical, and cure characteristics, and the key mechanical properties of particulate NR-composites were investigated. OPTB enhanced the characteristics of the composites, as demonstrated by a rise in dielectric constant, thermal stability, storage modulus, glass transition temperature (T), hardness and modulus at 300% elongation, along with a decrease in the loss tangent (tan δ). Tear strength exhibited an increase with OPTB content up to a specific threshold, whereas tensile strength and elongation at break declined. This implies a compromise between the various mechanical properties when incorporating OPTB as a filler. This work supports the potential application of OPTB as a renewable substitute for CB in the rubber industry, particularly in tire production and other industrial rubber applications, which would also bring environmental, sustainability, and economic benefits for the palm oil-related industry.
本研究考察了热解产生的棕榈油和油棕树干生物炭（OPTB）有效用作替代加工油和填料、替代天然橡胶（NR）复合材料中石油基同类产品的可能性。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、布鲁诺尔-埃米特-泰勒（BET）气体孔隙率测定法和扫描电子显微镜（SEM），利用化学、元素、表面和形态分析对炭黑（CB）和OPTB进行了表征。研究了OPTB含量从0到100份每百份橡胶（phr）对颗粒状NR复合材料的热、介电、动态力学和固化特性以及关键力学性能的影响。OPTB增强了复合材料的特性，表现为介电常数、热稳定性、储能模量、玻璃化转变温度（T）、硬度和300%伸长率下的模量增加，同时损耗角正切（tan δ）降低。撕裂强度随OPTB含量增加至特定阈值而增加，而拉伸强度和断裂伸长率下降。这意味着在将OPTB用作填料时，各种力学性能之间存在折衷。这项工作支持了OPTB作为橡胶工业中CB的可再生替代品的潜在应用，特别是在轮胎生产和其他工业橡胶应用中，这也将为棕榈油相关产业带来环境、可持续性和经济效益。
