De la Fuente Blanca, Milagro Fermín I, Cuervo Marta, Martínez José A, Riezu-Boj José I, Zalba Guillermo, Marti Del Moral Amelia, García-Calzón Sonia
Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, Center for Nutrition and Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de La Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 17;17(2):319. doi: 10.3390/nu17020319.
Telomere length (TL) is a key biomarker of cellular aging, with shorter telomeres associated with age-related diseases. Lifestyle interventions mitigating telomere shortening are essential for preventing such conditions. This study aimed to examine the effects of two weight loss dietary strategies, based on a moderately high-protein (MHP) diet and a low-fat (LF) diet on TL in individuals with overweight or obesity.
A total of 164 participants, aged 18-65 years from the OBEKIT trial received the MHP ( = 83) or the LF diet ( = 81) for 4 months and had TL data for analyses. TL was measured at baseline and after 4 months of the intervention using monochrome multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (MMqPCR). Both groups experienced significant improvements in anthropometric and biochemical parameters after the dietary intervention ( < 0.001). The MHP group showed an increase in TL (+0.16 ± 0.13) compared to the LF group (-0.05 ± 0.13) in multiple-adjusted models ( = 0.016). An interaction was observed between the sex and dietary group, where women in the MHP group had increased TL (+0.23 ± 0.16) after 4 months compared to women in the LF group (-0.13 ± 0.15; = 0.001); no differences between dietary groups were found in men. This increase in TL for women was associated with an increase in protein intake ( = 0.006), measured through dietary questionnaires.
This study shows that a MHP diet may have a protective effect on TL during weight loss, particularly in women, potentially contributing to healthier aging. These results highlight the importance of considering macronutrient composition in dietary interventions aimed at preserving TL.
端粒长度（TL）是细胞衰老的关键生物标志物，端粒越短与年龄相关疾病有关。减轻端粒缩短的生活方式干预对于预防此类疾病至关重要。本研究旨在探讨基于适度高蛋白（MHP）饮食和低脂（LF）饮食的两种减肥饮食策略对超重或肥胖个体端粒长度的影响。
来自OBEKIT试验的164名年龄在18 - 65岁的参与者接受了MHP饮食（n = 83）或LF饮食（n = 81）4个月，并拥有端粒长度数据用于分析。在基线和干预4个月后使用单色多重定量聚合酶链反应（MMqPCR）测量端粒长度。饮食干预后，两组的人体测量和生化参数均有显著改善（P < 0.001）。在多因素调整模型中，与LF组（-0.05 ± 0.13）相比，MHP组的端粒长度增加（+0.16 ± 0.13）（P = 0.016）。观察到性别与饮食组之间存在交互作用，MHP组的女性在4个月后端粒长度增加（+0.23 ± 0.16），而LF组的女性端粒长度减少（-0.13 ± 0.15；P = 0.001）；男性饮食组之间未发现差异。通过饮食问卷测量，女性端粒长度的增加与蛋白质摄入量的增加有关（P = 0.006）。
本研究表明，MHP饮食在减肥期间可能对端粒长度有保护作用，尤其是对女性，这可能有助于更健康地衰老。这些结果强调了在旨在保持端粒长度的饮食干预中考虑宏量营养素组成的重要性。
