Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia.
Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2050, Australia.
Adv Biol (Weinh). 2024 Apr;8(4):e2300619. doi: 10.1002/adbi.202300619. Epub 2024 Jan 16.
The role of dietary macronutrients and energy intake in the aging process has been well-established. However, previous research has mainly focused on the association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and individual macronutrients, while the effects of macronutrient composition on LTL remain unclear. This cross-sectional analysis involved 4130 US adults (44.8 ± 17.0 years; 51% female) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 1999-2002. A single 24-h dietary recall is used to collect dietary data. The relationship between dietary macronutrient composition and LTL is examined using three-dimensional generalized additive models. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, education, physical activity, BMI, and dietary quality, a three-dimensional association of macronutrient composition with LTL (P = 0.02) is revealed. Diets lower in protein (5-10%), higher in carbohydrates (75%), and lower in fat (15-20%) are associated with the longest LTL corresponding to 7.7 years of slower biological aging. Diets lowest in protein (5%) and carbohydrate (40%), while highest in dietary fat (55%) are associated with the shortest LTL, corresponding to accelerated biological aging of 4.4 years. The associations appeared magnified with higher energy intake. These findings support a complex relationship between dietary macronutrients and biological aging independent of diet quality.
膳食宏量营养素和能量摄入在衰老过程中的作用已得到充分证实。然而，先前的研究主要集中在白细胞端粒长度（LTL）与个别宏量营养素之间的关联，而宏量营养素组成对 LTL 的影响尚不清楚。本横断面分析涉及 1999-2002 年期间来自美国国家健康和营养检查调查的 4130 名美国成年人（44.8±17.0 岁；51%为女性）。使用单次 24 小时膳食回忆来收集膳食数据。使用三维广义加性模型检查膳食宏量营养素组成与 LTL 之间的关系。在调整年龄、性别、种族、教育、体力活动、BMI 和膳食质量后，揭示了宏量营养素组成与 LTL 的三维关联（P=0.02）。蛋白质（5-10%）较低、碳水化合物（75%）较高、脂肪（15-20%）较低的饮食与最长的 LTL 相关，对应于 7.7 年的生物衰老减慢。蛋白质（5%）和碳水化合物（40%）最低、而膳食脂肪（55%）最高的饮食与最短的 LTL 相关，对应于 4.4 年的生物衰老加速。这些关联在较高的能量摄入下似乎更为明显。这些发现支持了膳食宏量营养素与独立于饮食质量的生物衰老之间的复杂关系。
