da Conceição Aline Rosignoli, Bressan Josefina, Cuervo Marta, Mansego Maria Luisa, Martínez J Alfredo, Riezu-Boj José Ignacio, Milagro Fermín I
Department of Nutrition and Health, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
J Nutr Biochem. 2025 Feb;136:109805. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109805. Epub 2024 Nov 19.
Epigenetic mechanisms, which can be modulated by dietary factors, have been proposed as a possible factor in understanding interindividual differences in disease susceptibility. We aimed to determine the relationships between DNA methylation (DNAm), diet quality, and metabolic health in Spanish individuals. This is a transversal study encompassing 337 male and female participants in the Obekit study. Diet quality was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire and seven previously established scores: overall, healthy and unhealthy Plant-Based Diet Index (PDI, hPDI and uPDI, respectively), dietary diversity score (DDS), unprocessed/minimally processed foods (MPF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) consumption and Mediterranean diet (MD) score. DNAm was analyzed in white blood cells using the Infinium MethylationEPIC v1.0 BeadChip kit. After filtering by a variance >0.36, we have worked with 5,261 CpG sites. We found four false discovery rate (FDR)-significant correlations between nutrients and CpGs sites: cg00167275 (GLUD1) correlated with alcohol, cg05218090 with folic acid, cg16682935 (PAPSS2) with selenium, and cg09821790 (SLC7A6) with fish food. One differentially methylated region (DMR) located at zinc finger protein gene 57 (ZFP57) was closely related to obesity and specific nutrients, food groups, and diet quality indices. The regression models of diet quality based on DNAm demonstrated that the most predictive values were when UPF and hPDI were considered. Also, UPF and hPDI were the best indices for predicting the main cardiometabolic risk factors. Our finding suggests that specific nutrients and diet quality indices may influence the degree of DNAm and putatively, the metabolic health in Spanish individuals.
表观遗传机制可受饮食因素调节，已被提出作为理解个体疾病易感性差异的一个可能因素。我们旨在确定西班牙人群中DNA甲基化（DNAm）、饮食质量和代谢健康之间的关系。这是一项横断面研究，纳入了Obekit研究中的337名男性和女性参与者。使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷和七个先前建立的评分来评估饮食质量：总体、健康和不健康的植物性饮食指数（分别为PDI、hPDI和uPDI）、饮食多样性评分（DDS）、未加工/最少加工食品（MPF）和超加工食品（UPF）的摄入量以及地中海饮食（MD）评分。使用Infinium MethylationEPIC v1.0 BeadChip试剂盒分析白细胞中的DNAm。在通过方差>0.36进行筛选后，我们研究了5261个CpG位点。我们发现营养素与CpG位点之间有四个错误发现率（FDR）显著的相关性：cg00167275（GLUD1）与酒精相关，cg05218090与叶酸相关，cg16682935（PAPSS2）与硒相关，cg09821790（SLC7A6）与鱼类食物相关。位于锌指蛋白基因57（ZFP57）的一个差异甲基化区域（DMR）与肥胖以及特定营养素、食物组和饮食质量指数密切相关。基于DNAm的饮食质量回归模型表明，当考虑UPF和hPDI时预测价值最高。此外，UPF和hPDI是预测主要心血管代谢危险因素的最佳指标。我们的研究结果表明，特定营养素和饮食质量指数可能会影响西班牙人群的DNAm程度，并可能影响其代谢健康。
