Steinbauer Stefanie, Wallner Melanie, Karl Lisa-Marie, Gramatte Theresa, Essl Katja, Iken Marcus, Weghuber Julian, Blank-Landeshammer Bernhard, Röhrl Clemens
FFoQSI GmbH-Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1D, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Center of Excellence Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Stelzhamerstraße 23, 4600 Wels, Austria.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 20;17(2):359. doi: 10.3390/nu17020359.
Individuals with special metabolic demands are at risk of deficiencies in fat-soluble vitamins, which can be counteracted via supplementation. Here, we tested the ability of micellization alone or in combination with selected natural plant extracts to increase the intestinal absorption and bioefficacy of fat-soluble vitamins. Micellated and nonmicellated vitamins D3 (cholecalciferol), D2 (ergocalciferol), E (alpha tocopheryl acetate), and K2 (menaquionone-7) were tested in intestinal Caco-2 or buccal TR146 cells in combination with curcuma (), black pepper (), or ginger () plant extracts. The vitamin uptake was quantified via HPLC-MS, and bioefficacy was assessed via gene expression analyses or the Griess assay for nitric oxide generation. Micellization increased the uptake of vitamin D into buccal and intestinal cells, with vitamin D3 being more efficient than vitamin D2 in increasing the expression of genes involved in calcium transport. The micellization of vitamin E acetate increased its uptake and conversion into biologically active free vitamin E in intestinal cells only. The vitamin K2 uptake into buccal and intestinal cells was increased via micellization. Plant extracts increased the uptake of select micellated vitamins, with no plant extract being effective in combination with all vitamins. The curcuma extract increased the uptake of vitamins D2/D3 but not their bioefficacy. Black pepper and ginger extracts increased the uptake of vitamin E acetate into intestinal cells but failed to increase its conversion into free vitamin E. The ginger extract augmented the uptake of vitamin K2 and increased NO generation additively. Our data substantiate the positive effects of micellization on fat-soluble vitamin absorption and bioefficacy in vitro. While the application of plant extracts in addition to micellization to further increase bioefficacy is an interesting approach, further studies are warranted to understand vitamin-specific interactions and translation into increased bioefficacy.
有特殊代谢需求的个体存在脂溶性维生素缺乏的风险，可通过补充来对抗这种风险。在此，我们测试了单独胶束化或与选定的天然植物提取物联合使用时，增加脂溶性维生素肠道吸收和生物有效性的能力。将胶束化和非胶束化的维生素D3（胆钙化醇）、D2（麦角钙化醇）、E（α-生育酚乙酸酯）和K2（甲萘醌-7）与姜黄、黑胡椒或生姜植物提取物联合，在肠道Caco-2细胞或颊部TR146细胞中进行测试。通过HPLC-MS对维生素摄取进行定量，并通过基因表达分析或用于一氧化氮生成的Griess测定法评估生物有效性。胶束化增加了维生素D进入颊部和肠道细胞的摄取，在增加参与钙转运的基因表达方面，维生素D3比维生素D2更有效。维生素E乙酸酯的胶束化仅增加了其在肠道细胞中的摄取并转化为具有生物活性的游离维生素E。胶束化增加了维生素K2进入颊部和肠道细胞的摄取。植物提取物增加了选定胶束化维生素的摄取，没有一种植物提取物能与所有维生素联合有效。姜黄提取物增加了维生素D2/D3的摄取，但未提高其生物有效性。黑胡椒和生姜提取物增加了维生素E乙酸酯进入肠道细胞的摄取，但未能增加其转化为游离维生素E。生姜提取物增加了维生素K2的摄取并额外增加了一氧化氮的生成。我们的数据证实了胶束化对体外脂溶性维生素吸收和生物有效性的积极影响。虽然除胶束化外应用植物提取物以进一步提高生物有效性是一种有趣的方法，但仍需进一步研究以了解维生素特异性相互作用并转化为提高的生物有效性。
