Gridneva Zoya, Warden Ashleigh H, McEachran Jacki L, Perrella Sharon L, Lai Ching Tat, Geddes Donna T
School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
UWA Centre for Human Lactation Research and Translation, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
Nutrients. 2025 Jan 20;17(2):366. doi: 10.3390/nu17020366.
Whilst it is inconvenient and time-intensive, predominantly (PP) and exclusively pumping (EP) mothers rely on breast expression to provide milk for their infants and to ensure continued milk supply, yet these populations are poorly understood.
We assessed and characterised Western Australian PP mothers ( = 93) regarding 24 h milk production (MP) and infant milk intake and demographics, perinatal complications and breastfeeding difficulties, the frequencies of which were compared with published general population frequencies. Pumping efficacy and milk flow parameters during a pumping session in PP mothers ( = 32) were compared with those that pump occasionally (reference group, = 60).
PP mothers had a higher frequency of pregnancy complications and breastfeeding difficulties than the general population. Exclusive pumping did not impact the 24 h MP and the amount of milk available to the infant. PP mothers had more milk ejections, longer active flow duration and lower milk removal efficacy ratios; however, responsiveness to pump (time to first milk ejection), total flow duration, time to stop pumping, percentage of available milk removed and comfort parameters were not different to the reference group.
Despite the reported challenges, when an effective pump is used, predominant or exclusive pumping does not negatively affect the 24 h MP and the amount of milk available to the infant. Increasing awareness of the impacts of perinatal and breastfeeding complications on women may assist health professionals in early identification of mothers at high risk for early cessation of breastfeeding, escalating early postpartum intervention and targeted breastfeeding support.
虽然吸乳既不方便又耗费时间，但主要吸乳（PP）和完全吸乳（EP）的母亲依靠挤奶来为婴儿提供母乳并确保持续的乳汁供应，然而人们对这些人群了解甚少。
我们评估并描述了西澳大利亚州PP母亲（n = 93）的24小时产奶量（MP）、婴儿奶量摄入情况以及人口统计学、围产期并发症和母乳喂养困难情况，并将这些情况的发生频率与已发表的普通人群频率进行比较。将PP母亲（n = 32）在一次吸乳过程中的吸乳效率和乳汁流速参数与偶尔吸乳的母亲（参照组，n = 60）进行比较。
PP母亲出现妊娠并发症和母乳喂养困难的频率高于普通人群。完全吸乳并不影响24小时产奶量以及婴儿可获得的奶量。PP母亲有更多的射乳次数、更长的有效泌乳持续时间和更低的乳汁移出效率比；然而，对吸奶器的反应（首次射乳时间）、总泌乳持续时间、停止吸乳时间、移出的可用乳汁百分比和舒适度参数与参照组并无差异。
尽管有报道称存在挑战，但当使用有效的吸奶器时，主要吸乳或完全吸乳不会对24小时产奶量以及婴儿可获得的奶量产生负面影响。提高对围产期和母乳喂养并发症对女性影响的认识，可能有助于卫生专业人员早期识别有母乳喂养早期停止高风险的母亲，加强产后早期干预并提供有针对性的母乳喂养支持。
