Hayat Umar, Ke Cao, Wang Lirong, Zhu Gengrui, Fang Weichao, Wang Xinwei, Chen Changwen, Li Yong, Wu Jinlong
The Key Laboratory of the Gene Resources Evaluation and Utilization of Horticultural Crop [Fruit Tree], Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450009, China.
Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Jan 10;14(2):175. doi: 10.3390/plants14020175.
Modern breeding technologies and the development of quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping have brought about a new era in peach breeding. This study examines the complex genetic structure that underlies the morphology of peach fruits, paying special attention to the interaction between genome editing, genomic selection, and marker-assisted selection. Breeders now have access to precise tools that enhance crop resilience, productivity, and quality, facilitated by QTL mapping, which has significantly advanced our understanding of the genetic determinants underlying essential traits such as fruit shape, size, and firmness. New technologies like CRISPR/Cas9 and genomic selection enable the development of cultivars that can withstand climate change and satisfy consumer demands with unprecedented precision in trait modification. Genotype-environment interactions remain a critical challenge for modern breeding efforts, which can be addressed through high-throughput phenotyping and multi-environment trials. This work shows how combining genome-wide association studies and machine learning can improve the synthesis of multi-omics data and result in faster breeding cycles while preserving genetic diversity. This study outlines a roadmap that prioritizes the development of superior cultivars utilizing cutting-edge methods and technologies in order to address evolving agricultural and environmental challenges.
现代育种技术和数量性状基因座（QTL）定位的发展为桃育种带来了新的时代。本研究考察了桃果实形态背后的复杂遗传结构，特别关注基因组编辑、基因组选择和标记辅助选择之间的相互作用。育种者现在可以使用精确的工具来提高作物的抗逆性、生产力和品质，QTL定位推动了这一进程，它极大地增进了我们对果实形状、大小和硬度等重要性状的遗传决定因素的理解。CRISPR/Cas9和基因组选择等新技术能够以前所未有的性状改良精度培育出能够抵御气候变化并满足消费者需求的品种。基因型与环境的相互作用仍然是现代育种工作面临的一项关键挑战，可通过高通量表型分析和多环境试验来应对。这项工作展示了如何将全基因组关联研究与机器学习相结合，以改善多组学数据的整合，并在保持遗传多样性的同时缩短育种周期。本研究概述了一条路线图，该路线图优先利用前沿方法和技术培育优良品种，以应对不断变化的农业和环境挑战。
