Liu Wenjun, Chen Zijing, Jiang Shenghui, Wang Yicheng, Fang Hongcheng, Zhang Zongying, Chen Xuesen, Wang Nan
State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Jul 14;13:918202. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918202. eCollection 2022.
Identifying the genetic variation characteristics of phenotypic traits is important for fruit tree breeding. During the long-term evolution of fruit trees, gene recombination and natural mutation have resulted in a high degree of heterozygosity. Apple ( × Borkh.) shows strong ecological adaptability and is widely cultivated, and is among the most economically important fruit crops worldwide. However, the high level of heterozygosity and large genome of apple, in combination with its perennial life history and long juvenile phase, complicate investigation of the genetic basis of fruit quality traits. With continuing augmentation in the apple genomic resources available, in recent years important progress has been achieved in research on the genetic variation of fruit quality traits. This review focuses on summarizing recent genetic studies on apple fruit quality traits, including appearance, flavor, nutritional, ripening, and storage qualities. In addition, we discuss the mapping of quantitative trait loci, screening of molecular markers, and mining of major genes associated with fruit quality traits. The overall aim of this review is to provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of genetic variation and molecular breeding of important fruit quality traits in apple.
识别表型性状的遗传变异特征对果树育种至关重要。在果树的长期进化过程中，基因重组和自然突变导致了高度的杂合性。苹果（×Borkh.）表现出很强的生态适应性，广泛种植，是全球最重要的经济水果作物之一。然而，苹果的高杂合性和庞大基因组，再加上其多年生的生活史和较长的幼年期，使得果实品质性状遗传基础的研究变得复杂。随着苹果基因组资源的不断增加，近年来在果实品质性状遗传变异研究方面取得了重要进展。本综述着重总结了苹果果实品质性状的近期遗传研究，包括外观、风味、营养、成熟和贮藏品质。此外，我们还讨论了数量性状位点的定位、分子标记的筛选以及与果实品质性状相关的主要基因的挖掘。本综述的总体目标是为苹果重要果实品质性状的遗传变异机制和分子育种提供有价值的见解。
