Nimpa Marcellin Mengouo, Karemere Hermès, Ngandu Christian, Mboussou Franck-Fortune, Danovaro-Holliday M Carolina, Nkamba Dalau, Fouda André Bita, Nguejio Bienvenu, Kakozi Sifa, Cikomola Aimé Mwana-Wabene, Mukendi Jean-Crispin, Mwamba Dieudonné, Yapi Moise Désiré, Riziki Richard Bahizire, Mwanga Cedric, Otomba John, Nikiema Jean Baptiste, Hama Sambo Boureima, Ishoso Daniel Katuashi
World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office, Kinshasa 01206, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
École Régionale de Santé Publique, Université Catholique de Bukavu, Bukavu 11103, Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Viruses. 2024 Dec 25;17(1):9. doi: 10.3390/v17010009.
The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection remains high in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), constituting a public health problem in view of the fatal complications it causes, notably cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the situation of viral hepatitis B in the DRC and in particular its implications for public health. A systematic review was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) group guidelines. Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate were used as databases. The review essentially analyzed the viral hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination status of study subjects, diagnostic means, HBV genotypes in DR Congo, seroprevalence of HBV infection, subjects' level of knowledge and perceptions of HBV, co-infection/comorbidity with HBV infection, factors associated with HBV infection and public health issues raised by HBV infection. The vast majority of studies (69%) were carried out to determine the seroprevalence of HBV infection. The Determine rapid test was the most widely used test (10 studies), sometimes combined with ELISA (3 studies) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (1 study, for genotyping). Some of the public health issues raised by hepatitis B virus infection were identified in the course of the included studies, in relation to co-infection, comorbidity, associated factors, and individuals' level of knowledge and perceptions of HBV. Certain factors were identified as being closely associated with HBV, notably healthcare professions (e.g., doctor, laboratory technician) and having several sexual partners. In terms of perception of HBV, the hepatitis B virus is recognized as dangerous, and the majority of people questioned in the various studies were aware that vaccination remains the most effective means of prevention. Hepatitis B is a highly contagious infectious disease present in the DRC, with a higher prevalence among healthcare professionals, sex workers, patients with certain diseases including HIV, and people with a history of blood transfusion. The surveillance system within the national blood transfusion program needs to be strengthened. Raising public awareness of the seriousness of viral hepatitis B, offering vaccination to at-risk populations, and systematically screening pregnant women and blood donors for HBV infection could help reduce the prevalence of viral hepatitis B.
在刚果民主共和国，乙肝病毒感染的流行率仍然很高，鉴于其引发的致命并发症，尤其是肝硬化和肝细胞癌，这构成了一个公共卫生问题。本研究的目的是概述刚果民主共和国病毒性肝炎B的情况，特别是其对公共卫生的影响。根据系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）组指南进行了一项系统评价。使用谷歌学术、PubMed和ResearchGate作为数据库。该评价主要分析了研究对象的乙肝病毒（HBV）疫苗接种状况、诊断方法、刚果民主共和国的HBV基因型、HBV感染的血清流行率、研究对象对HBV的知识水平和认知、HBV感染的合并感染/共病、与HBV感染相关的因素以及HBV感染引发的公共卫生问题。绝大多数研究（69%）是为了确定HBV感染的血清流行率而开展的。Determine快速检测是使用最广泛的检测方法（10项研究），有时会与酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）（3项研究）和聚合酶链反应（PCR）（1项研究，用于基因分型）相结合。在纳入的研究过程中，发现了乙肝病毒感染引发的一些公共卫生问题，涉及合并感染、共病、相关因素以及个人对HBV的知识水平和认知。某些因素被确定与HBV密切相关，特别是医疗保健行业（如医生、实验室技术员）以及有多个性伴侣。在对HBV的认知方面，乙肝病毒被认为是危险的，在各项研究中接受询问的大多数人都意识到接种疫苗仍然是最有效的预防手段。乙肝是刚果民主共和国一种高度传染性的传染病，在医疗保健专业人员、性工作者、包括艾滋病毒感染者在内的某些疾病患者以及有输血史的人群中患病率较高。国家输血计划中的监测系统需要加强。提高公众对病毒性肝炎B严重性的认识，为高危人群提供疫苗接种，并对孕妇和献血者进行系统性HBV感染筛查，可能有助于降低病毒性肝炎B的患病率。
