Nelwan Erni Juwita
Division of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia - Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Acta Med Indones. 2024 Oct;56(4):441.
In 2023, Indonesia's Ministry of Health reported that nearly 75% of districts and cities in the country were free from malaria transmission, meaning 90% of the population lived in malaria-free zones. However, Papua Province, which accounts for only 1.5% of Indonesia's population, continues to contribute over 90% of the national malaria cases, with more than 16,000 reported cases in 2023.Indonesia has recently completed a malaria vaccine trial, the IDSPZV1, which included the PfSPZ Vaccine and PfSPZ-CVac (CQ), conducted among soldiers deployed to Papua Province, New Guinea, for 10 months. These soldiers were from a battalion located in a malaria-free area in Bangkinang, Riau Province. The results of this clinical trial will be reported separately, but this significant development could offer a potential solution to reduce the risk of malaria infection, particularly among travelers, such as domestic tourists or soldiers visiting Papua.This edition highlights the recent findings from a malaria study conducted in Iwaka District, Mimika, Papua, which revealed that nearly half of the patients presenting with fever at the district hospital were diagnosed with malaria (N=863 patients). The authors explored various factors, including the prevalence of malaria, patient characteristics, history of malaria exposure, housing and environmental conditions, as well as malaria prevention measures among the study participants.In addition to uncomplicated malaria infections, severe malaria cases remain a significant issue, contributing to high mortality rates. Nainggolan et al. investigated the role of host factors, particularly ABO blood groups, in the likelihood of developing severe malaria.Understanding the dynamics of disease prevalence, and risk factors related to both the host and the environment, along with the potential availability of vaccines, chemoprevention, and other preventive measures, are crucial to achieving zero malaria in the island of New Guinea, Papua Province.
2023年，印度尼西亚卫生部报告称，该国近75%的区县已无疟疾传播，这意味着90%的人口生活在无疟疾区。然而，仅占印度尼西亚人口1.5%的巴布亚省，其疟疾病例却占全国的90%以上，2023年报告病例超过16000例。印度尼西亚最近完成了一项疟疾疫苗试验，即IDSPZV1，其中包括PfSPZ疫苗和PfSPZ-CVac（氯喹），试验在部署到新几内亚巴布亚省的士兵中进行了10个月。这些士兵来自廖内省邦基南一个无疟疾地区的一个营。该临床试验的结果将另行报告，但这一重大进展可能为降低疟疾感染风险提供一个潜在解决方案，特别是在旅行者中，如国内游客或前往巴布亚的士兵。本期重点介绍了在巴布亚米米卡伊瓦卡区进行的一项疟疾研究的最新发现，该研究显示，在区医院出现发热症状的患者中，近一半被诊断为疟疾（N=863名患者）。作者探讨了各种因素，包括疟疾流行率、患者特征、疟疾接触史、住房和环境条件，以及研究参与者中的疟疾预防措施。除了无并发症的疟疾感染外，严重疟疾病例仍然是一个重大问题，导致高死亡率。奈英戈兰等人研究了宿主因素，特别是ABO血型，在发生严重疟疾可能性中的作用。了解疾病流行动态、与宿主和环境相关的风险因素，以及疫苗、化学预防和其他预防措施的潜在可用性，对于在巴布亚省新几内亚岛实现疟疾零感染至关重要。
