Lusiyana Novyan
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Acta Med Indones. 2024 Oct;56(4):493-500.
Papua is a high-endemic region for malaria in Indonesia. Malaria transmission is heavily influenced by environmental factors, particularly those related to vector breeding habitats and the homes of infected individuals. Communities in high-endemic areas also exhibit risk behaviors that can increase the likelihood of malaria transmission.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Iwaka District, Mimika, Papua, and included residents aged 18 years and older who had lived in the district for at least six months and exhibited symptoms of malaria. Subjects with a history of malaria or those under antimalarial treatment in the last two weeks were excluded. We collected demographic characteristics, malaria history, environmental factors, and behavioral components using a structured questionnaire. Each subject underwent a malaria examination using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). Data were analyzed using STATA software.
A total of 863 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 429 (49.7%) were diagnosed with malaria. Malaria cases were predominantly found among males, individuals aged 21- 40 years, those with secondary education, and those working as farmers. Malaria incidence was associated with having family members who had malaria, living near stagnant water, and residing within 100 meters of forests or fields (p < 0.05). The use of bed nets, mosquito repellents, and long-sleeved clothing was low, and most houses had wooden walls without wire mesh protection.
Malaria prevalence in Iwaka District is extremely high, with risk factors including age, gender, proximity to stagnant water and forests/fields, and family history of malaria.
巴布亚是印度尼西亚疟疾的高流行地区。疟疾传播受到环境因素的严重影响，特别是那些与媒介滋生地和感染者住所相关的因素。高流行地区的社区也表现出可能增加疟疾传播可能性的风险行为。
这项横断面研究在巴布亚省米米卡县伊瓦卡区进行，纳入了年龄在18岁及以上、在该地区居住至少六个月且有疟疾症状的居民。排除有疟疾病史或在过去两周内接受抗疟治疗的受试者。我们使用结构化问卷收集人口统计学特征、疟疾病史、环境因素和行为因素。每位受试者使用快速诊断测试（RDT）进行疟疾检查。数据使用STATA软件进行分析。
共有863名受试者符合纳入和排除标准。其中，429名（49.7%）被诊断患有疟疾。疟疾病例主要见于男性、21 - 40岁的个体、受过中等教育的人以及从事农民工作的人。疟疾发病率与有患疟疾的家庭成员、居住在死水附近以及居住在距离森林或田地100米以内有关（p < 0.05）。蚊帐、驱蚊剂和长袖服装的使用率较低，大多数房屋有木墙但没有铁丝网防护。
伊瓦卡区疟疾患病率极高，危险因素包括年龄、性别、靠近死水和森林/田地以及疟疾家族史。
