Chauhan Divya Singh, Vashisht Pranav, Bebartta Ram Prasad, Thakur Dhruv, Chaudhary Vandana
Department of Food Technology, Raja Balwant Singh Engineering Campus, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Idaho Milk Products Inc., Jerome, Idaho, USA.
Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2025 Jan;24(1):e70114. doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.70114.
The Jerusalem artichoke (JA), a plantrelated to sunflowers and native to North America, has long been valued for its versatility, especially during periods of food scarcity. This resilient crop serves multiple purposes, functioning as a vegetable, medicinal herb, grazing crop, and even a biofuel source. In recent years, interest in JA has grown, largely due to its high nutritional profile and associated health benefits. This review explores JA's nutritional composition, the benefits of its consumption, and its botanical and agricultural characteristics. Additionally, the various applications of JA in the food industry are discussed, including its use in dairy products, snacks, baked goods, beverages, and functional foods. This review also examines the processing techniques involved in harvesting JA, extracting its valuable components, and incorporating it into food products. Notably, JA is a rich source of fiber and minerals, and incorporating it into food products not only enhances their nutritional value but also improves fermentation processes, lowers the glycemic index, and enhances sensory properties, all while reducing production costs. However, several challenges remain in JA production. These include optimizing growing conditions, addressing high labor costs, developing suitable machinery, determining the ideal harvesting time, increasing pest resistance, identifying suitable packaging materials, and developing sustainable production strategies. These challenges require further research to fully unlock JA's potential as a valuable crop.
菊芋是一种与向日葵同属一科且原产于北美的植物，长期以来因其多功能性而备受重视，尤其是在食物短缺时期。这种适应性强的作物具有多种用途，可作为蔬菜、药草、饲料作物，甚至是生物燃料来源。近年来，人们对菊芋的兴趣有所增加，这主要归功于其丰富的营养成分以及相关的健康益处。本综述探讨了菊芋的营养成分、食用益处及其植物学和农业特性。此外，还讨论了菊芋在食品工业中的各种应用，包括其在乳制品、零食、烘焙食品、饮料和功能性食品中的应用。本综述还研究了菊芋收获、提取其有价值成分并将其融入食品中的加工技术。值得注意的是，菊芋富含纤维和矿物质，将其融入食品不仅能提高营养价值，还能改善发酵过程、降低血糖指数、增强感官特性，同时降低生产成本。然而，菊芋生产仍面临一些挑战。这些挑战包括优化生长条件、解决劳动力成本高的问题、开发合适的机械设备、确定理想的收获时间、提高抗虫害能力、识别合适的包装材料以及制定可持续的生产策略。这些挑战需要进一步研究，以充分挖掘菊芋作为一种有价值作物的潜力。
