Che Long, Liu Le, Xu Mengmeng, Fan Zongze, Niu Lizhu, Chen Yujie, Chang Xueyuan, Zhou Pan, Li Mengyun, Deng Hongyu, Chen Wen
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jan 10;11:1524738. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1524738. eCollection 2024.
Improving mammary gland epithelial cells proliferation through nutrition is an important approach for enhancing sow milk production and piglet growth. An intermediate metabolite of valine, 3-hydroxyisobutyrate (3-HIB), regulates cellular lipid metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effects of 3-HIB on porcine mammary gland epithelial cells proliferation and lipid metabolism. The addition of an appropriate concentration of 3-HIB significantly increased mammary gland epithelial cell proliferation and the expression of proteins associated with cell proliferation. Compared to the control group, the addition of 0.4-0.8 mM 3-HIB increased the expression levels of mTOR signaling pathway-related proteins and the cell cycle protein, Cyclin D1, while inhibiting the expression of the cell cycle arrest protein, P27. The addition of 0.8 mM 3-HIB increased the triglyceride and lipid droplet content in the cells. The addition of 3-HIB increased the expression of proteins related to fatty acid synthesis and transport, resulting in a marked increase in most polyunsaturated fatty acids in the 3-HIB-added group. Compared to the control group, the addition of 0.8 mM 3-HIB increased the expression levels of the fatty acid oxidation-related proteins, ACSL and CAD, ultimately increasing cellular ATP synthesis. In summary, the addition of 0.8 mM 3-HIB to porcine mammary gland epithelial cells promotes cell proliferation by enhancing lipid metabolism and the expression of cell proliferation-related proteins.
通过营养改善乳腺上皮细胞增殖是提高母猪产奶量和仔猪生长的重要途径。缬氨酸的一种中间代谢产物3-羟基异丁酸（3-HIB）可调节细胞脂质代谢。在本研究中，我们调查了3-HIB对猪乳腺上皮细胞增殖和脂质代谢的影响。添加适当浓度的3-HIB可显著增加乳腺上皮细胞增殖以及与细胞增殖相关的蛋白质表达。与对照组相比，添加0.4-0.8 mM的3-HIB可增加mTOR信号通路相关蛋白和细胞周期蛋白Cyclin D1的表达水平，同时抑制细胞周期阻滞蛋白P27的表达。添加0.8 mM的3-HIB可增加细胞内甘油三酯和脂滴含量。添加3-HIB可增加与脂肪酸合成和转运相关的蛋白质表达，导致添加3-HIB组中大多数多不饱和脂肪酸显著增加。与对照组相比，添加0.8 mM的3-HIB可增加脂肪酸氧化相关蛋白ACSL和CAD的表达水平，最终增加细胞ATP合成。总之，在猪乳腺上皮细胞中添加0.8 mM的3-HIB可通过增强脂质代谢和细胞增殖相关蛋白的表达来促进细胞增殖。
