Che Long, Niu Lizhu, Liu Le, Li Mengyun, Huo Wenying, Deng Hongyu, Chen Wen, Pang Lifeng, Xu Mengmeng
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China.
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Longzi Lake University Campus, Zhengzhou, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Aug 15;12:1646332. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1646332. eCollection 2025.
Within-litter variations in birth weight (BW) influence piglet postnatal growth and survival rate. The present study investigated the effects of the valine metabolite 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid (3-HIB) on the birth weight of piglets by supplementing the sow diet with 3-HIB during late pregnancy. Forty sows were assigned randomly to the control (Con) group and 3-HIB supplementation groups (15 mg/kg body weight), with 20 sows per group. The experiment was conducted from day 85 of pregnancy until farrowing. 3-HIB supplementation significantly decreased the number of piglets with body weight < 1 kg, litter weight variation, and stillbirth number ( < 0.05) but had no significant effect on the organ index of newborn piglets. Compared to the control group, 3-HIB supplementation significantly increased the concentration of triglycerides in the placental tissue of sows ( < 0.05). The levels of total monounsaturated fatty acids and partial polyunsaturated fatty acids (C20:4 n-6, C20:5 n-3, and C22:6) in the plasma of piglets were significantly higher in the 3-HIB supplementation group than in the control group ( < 0.05). The results of lipid metabolism-related protein expression indicated that compared to the control group, the 3-HIB group significantly increased the expression of lipid transport-related proteins (solute carrier family 27a (SLC27A1) and fatty acid binding protein 3 [FABP3]) in the placenta of sows and fatty acid oxidation protein (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 [CPT-1]) in the muscle of piglets ( < 0.05). In conclusion, adding 3-HIB to the sow diet enhances piglet energy supply by promoting maternal-to-fetal fatty acid transport and fatty acid oxidation in piglet muscles, ultimately reducing within-litter body weight variation in newborn piglets.
窝内出生体重（BW）差异会影响仔猪出生后的生长和存活率。本研究通过在妊娠后期给母猪日粮补充缬氨酸代谢产物3-羟基异丁酸（3-HIB），探究其对仔猪出生体重的影响。40头母猪被随机分为对照组（Con）和3-HIB补充组（15毫克/千克体重），每组20头母猪。实验从妊娠第85天开始，直至分娩。补充3-HIB显著降低了体重<1千克的仔猪数量、窝重差异和死胎数量（P<0.05），但对新生仔猪的器官指数无显著影响。与对照组相比，补充3-HIB显著提高了母猪胎盘组织中甘油三酯的浓度（P<0.05）。3-HIB补充组仔猪血浆中总单不饱和脂肪酸和部分多不饱和脂肪酸（C20:4 n-6、C20:5 n-3和C22:6）的水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。脂质代谢相关蛋白表达结果表明，与对照组相比，3-HIB组显著提高了母猪胎盘中脂质转运相关蛋白（溶质载体家族27a[SLC27A1]和脂肪酸结合蛋白3[FABP3]）以及仔猪肌肉中脂肪酸氧化蛋白（肉碱棕榈酰转移酶1[CPT-1]）的表达（P<0.05）。总之，在母猪日粮中添加3-HIB可通过促进母体向胎儿的脂肪酸转运以及仔猪肌肉中的脂肪酸氧化来增强仔猪的能量供应，最终减少新生仔猪窝内体重差异。
